TPR temperature programmed reaction

TPRS = temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy XRD = X-ray diffraction BET = Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (specific BET surface area) and BJH = Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method (determination of pore volume and diameter), both determined by nitrogen physisorption NMR= characterization by solid-state NMR. 

Abbreviations CCD, charge-coupled device DEXAFS, dispersive extended X-ray absorption fine structure EXAFS, extended X-ray absorption fine structure QEXAFS, quick extended X-ray absorption fine structure TPR, temperature-programmed reaction XRD, X-ray diffraction XAFS, X-ray absorption fine structure. 

The heterogenization of MAO-activated Nd(z 3-C3H5)3 dioxane on MAO-functionalized Si(>2 was reported by T. Riihmer et al. [307]. In situ DRIFT (= diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform) spectroscopy and TPRS (= temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy) were employed... 

TPR, Temperature-programmed reaction XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy IR, infrared spectroscopy H NMR, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy UV-vis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy ESR, electron spin resonance spectroscopy TPD, temperature-programmed desorption EXAFS, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Raman, Raman spectroscopy C NMR, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. 

The TPRS (temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy) study of the products formed after exposure of (CH2 OH)2 to the Ag(llO) surface covered with showed that in the reactions of adsorbed primary 0CH2CH20(a) species, with surface 0(a) atoms besides H2 0, (CH20H)2 and (CHO)2 evolved at 255, 365 and 380 K, in addition, at 300 K H2C 0 and at 415 K and H2 are also produced. Oxygen... 

DRX - x-ray diffraction TPR - Temperature programmed reaction MEV - Scanning electronic microscopy TEM - Transmission Electronic microscopy T>n - Thiele modulus rj - Effectiveness factor - Global effectiveness factor E f = Height bed at minimum fluidization mf = void fraction at minimum fluidization Ps = density of solid p = density of gas fh - bubble fraction fe - emulsion fraction of gas ki - interface coefficient (mfl nr bed x h) u - mean velocity collision velocity Ub - superficial velocity (m/s)... 

Figure 5.29 TPR (Temperature Programmed Reaction) of an adiabatic prereforming catalyst after six months of operation with naphtha feedstock. Heating rate 6 C per minute. Christensen eta/. [108]. Reproduced with the permission of ACS.

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