Toxicity of drug

Allen, T. M. (1988). Toxicity of drug carriers to the mononuclear phagocyte system, Adv. Drug Dehv. Rev.. 2, 55-67. 

In addition, bioinformatics databases have been expanded to integrate data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of drugs. Through these comprehensive sets of data, scientists have at their disposal powerful means to relate disease targets and their cellular functions to physiological and pathological processes. 

Drug development has to evaluate the toxicity of drugs to the body. Animals, mainly rodents, are used to study toxicities. The evaluation should also consider the effect of drugs in causing cancers, tendency in inducing mutations, and the consequences on reproduction. 

Over time more and more laboratory and cell-based assays are used to study the AD ME properties and toxicities of drugs. 

Cytochrome P450 Role in the Metabolism and Toxicity of Drugs and other Xenobiotics... 

In psychopharmacology, interest in the properties of enantiomers has been aided by the need to improve the therapeutic efficacy and decrease the side effects and toxicity of drugs. For example, if the therapeutic activity resides entirely in one enantiomer (called a eutomer) then giving a racemic mixture which contains the active and the inactive enantiomer is clearly wasteful. Thus using the single enantiomer (isomer or eutomer) should enable the dose of the drug to be lowered, reduce the interpatient variability in the response and, hopefully, reduce the side effects and toxicity of the drug (see Table 3.4). 

On one hand, entering a live cell with relative ease and being involved in its complex mechanisms as if it were a part of its chromosomal apparatus creates a huge problem for finding selective toxicity of drugs against virases. On the other, it makes the virus a... 

Flanagan, R.J. and Dunk, L. (2008) Haematological toxicity of drugs used in psychiatry. Human Psychopharmacology-Clinical and Experimental, 23, 27-41. 

Key Points of the Guidance on the Research and Evaluation of Reproductive Toxicity of Drugs, China... 

State Food and Drug Administration of the People s Republic of China (2006) Technical guiding principles for the reproductive toxicity of drugs. SEDA website http //www.sfda.gov.cn/. Accessed 30 Jan 2012... 

Regulatory requirements in the field of drug residues analysis are limited, in most cases, to the identification of only the major metabolites. Quantitative selection of major over minor metabolites is certainly devoid of rational biological ground, since several studies have shown that the toxic metabolites are usually transitory and often present in small quantities. However, isolation and identification of all these metabolites are difficult and proper assessment of the toxicity of drug residues is still a real challenge. 

Table 4.5 Formation of Reactive Electrophiles by Metabolic Toxication of Drugs...

---