Toxic metal half-life

Both T1(I) and T1(III) salts are readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and the skin. Excretion is slow with a half-life of nearly one month. ThaUinm concentrates in the brain and testes. The lethal dose is less than 1 g of a thallium compound in a single ingestion. Thallotoxicosis involves the nervous system, skin, hair loss, and the cardiovascular system. T1+ can substitute for the similarly sized K+ (Table 2 and Figure 2) and interfere in K+-dependent processes (Figure 2). Recovery from thallotoxicosis takes months and may be incomplete as nervous system damage may be irreversible. Thallium may be the most toxic nonradioactive metal. 

Deuterium is in very low concentration. Lithium has an atomic weight of 6.94 and the abundance of Li is around 7% in natural Li. The main reaction product of B is Li which does not generate but there are other, minor reactions that do. Except in boron steels, the activation of Li predominates. Another source of in fission reactors is the low yield, ternary fission of fuel (-130 x 10 atoms per fission product pair). In Magnox gas-cooled reactors, from ternary fission is mainly retained in the metallic uranium fuel and its cladding but some is released into the coolant circuits, where it may possibly diffuse into structures within the primary vessel. Tritium is a low energy /5 emitting radionuclide of low radio-toxicity and with a half life of 12.3 years. 

The hydroxyl radical reacts with most organic molecules at rates not far from diffusion controlled consequently it has a very short half-life and is difficult to detect directly. It follows that a major determinant of the toxicity of OT and H2O2 in vivo is the availability and location of metal ions capable of catalysing OH formation. 

The competitive replacement Tl /K creates an interesting toxicokinetic factor in terms of thallium elimination, namely direct active excretion into the intestinal lumen. In contrast to other toxic heavy metals, fecal elimination of thallium is the predominant route of excretion. In addition to thallium possibly binding in the gastrointestinal tract in cases of acute intoxication (cf. Section 22.6.2), reabsorption may occur by the enterohepatic and enterosystemic circulations, thereby prolonging the biological half-life. In fact, half-lives of between 3 and... 

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