Toughening Mechanisms General Considerations

The result is that a large number of small crazes are formed, in contrast with the small number of large crazes (micro-cracks) within the same polymer matrix in the absence of rubbery microdomains. This multiple crazing occurs throughout a comparatively large volume of the rubbery modified material. 

Drawing In of polymer from the bulk-fibril Interface 

Toughening mechanisms and competition between both modes of fracture are mainly governed by a variety of well-controlled factors, especially from the polymeric matrix itself. In this respect, the next section will focus on rubber-toughened PLA, its combination with nanoparticles or even 

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