Tooth endodontic treatment

Dental traumatic injury often results in fracture of the affected tooth, an injury that necessitates substantial repair. This fracture can vary in severity, from involving the enamel only, through involving both enamel and dentine, to involving both tissues and also exposure of the pulp. Trauma can also affect the root of the tooth, which can themselves be fractured as a result of the incident [44], Comphcations involving the root can often follow traumatic events, and may require endodontic treatment prior to repair of the fractured tooth crown. Certain patients may damage an already traumatized tooth, and this can inhibit the healing process in the tooth and lead to a variety of complications [61],... 

Endodontic treatment is carried out by practitioners in order to preserve a tooth whose pulp has been damaged in some way [1], This includes those instants where the injury extends to the peri-radicular tissues. It is carried out because preserving the natural teeth is important in maintaining fuU function of the dentition, with the associated health benefits that a fully functional set of teeth confers. 

In endodontic treatment, the aim is to completely seal the root canal. Traditionally this has been carried out with cones of gutta percha, also containing added zinc oxide, barium sulfate, plasticizers and coloring agents (Friedman et al, 1975), packed into the canal with a sealer - usually a cement containing zinc oxide and eugenol. A concern with this material system is that there is no adhesion between gutta percha and the sealer, or between the sealer and the tooth dentin. Further, complete adaptation of the material to completely obturate the root canal is not always achieved. 

Endodontics. The field of dentistry that studies abnormal tooth pulp and focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the tooth pulp is called endodontics. Endodontic treatment is also known as root canal therapy. Endodontic therapy... 

There is a continuously high demand for the restoration of endodontically treated tooth as a result of trauma, deep decay or for restoration [1]. In endodontic treatment, pulp is removed and a post is placed inside the tooth. The purpose of the post which is placed in an endodontically treated tooth is to retain a core in the tooth with extensive loss of coronal tooth structure [2, 3]. Custom cast posts were used for many decades [4] and some studies reported a high success rate for them [5, 6, 7]. 

Alternatively the pulp may be saved by the process of pulp capping. This involves placing some sort of material over the pulp to protect it and maintain its viability so that more extreme treatment (extraction or endodontic therapy) can be avoided [1]. Two possible approaches are available, namely direct pulp capping, in which a bioactive material is placed directly over the exposed pulp, and indirect pulp capping, in which a cavity liner or sealant material is placed over a residual thin layer of dentine, which may be sound or carious. In the latter approach, the pulp has not been exposed, but it is at risk of becoming so either by the progress of the residual caries or by the process of tooth preparation. 

A fracture of endodontically treated tooth is an important issue for restoration when brittle of the teeth is increased due to take the moisture out of the tooth. Hence, tooth fracture in larger occlusive force or files treatment can happen [1], Many posts have been developed in various shapes, diameters and materials to reinforce the tooth [2], An excellent post can reduce stress concentration and tooth damage, but good design for dental post is still unclear. Furthermore, stress distributions in the post and dentin were evidenced to be a factor of failure in post system [3]. 

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