TNFR-associated death domain

An alternative pathway involves the adaptor protein RAIDD (RIP-associated ICH/CED-3-homologous protein with a death domain), which is recruited by the Fas receptor via its C-terminal DD. At its N-terminus RAIDD contains a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) that is also present in procaspase-2. The adaptor protein TRADD (TNFR-associated death domain), most effectively bound following ligation of TNFR-1, functions as a platform that recruits several signalling molecules, such as TRAF-2 (the TNFR-associated factor-2), RIP (the receptor-interacting protein), both of which stimulate activation of NF-kB (the nuclear factor k B) and also FADD, which mediates activation of apoptosis (Ashkenazi and Dixit, 1998). TRAMP has been reported to bind TRADD, TRAF-2, FADD and caspase-8. TRAIL can bind either to a TRAIL-Rl trimer or to a TRAIL-R2 trimer, which recruit FADD and caspase-8 or caspase-10 (Schneider et al., 1997). 

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