Titanium Metalworking

Shearing, punching. Titanium plates or sheets can be sheared, punched, or perforated on standard equipment suitable for steel. Titanium and titanium-palladium alloy plates can be sheared subject to equipment limitations similar to those for stainless steel. The harder alloys are more difficult to shear, so thickness limitations are generally about two thirds those for stainless steel. 

Casting. Titanium castings can be produced by investment or graphite-mold methods. Casting must be done in a vacuum furnace because of the high chemical reactivity of molten titanium metal with oxygen and nitrogen. 

Annealing. Residual stresses can be removed by annealing in inert gases or in a vacuum at temperatures ranging between 500 and 600 C, while complete annealing must be performed at 700 C. 

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