Titanium ionization energy

Identify the element with the higher first ionization energy in each of the following pairs (a) scandium and titanium (b) nickel and copper (c) iron and zinc. 

Transition metals share properties such as electrical conductivity, luster, and malleability with other metals. There is little variation in atomic size, electronegativity, and ionization energy across a period. However, there are differences in properties among these elements, especially physical properties. For example, silver is the best conductor of electricity. Iron and titanium are used as structural materials because of their relative strength. 

The third ionization energy of titanium is required to carry out which of the following processes ... 

This is confirmed by the successive ionization energies (lEs) for titanium first IE 659kJ moT second IE 1310kJ mol third IE 2653 kj mol fourth IE 4175kJmoT and fifth 9581kJmoT. Note the sharp increase between the fourth and fifth ionization energies. 

For cobalt ferrite, CoFe204, the energy effect in the valency reaction Co(II) + Fe(III) —> Co(III) -H Fe(II) has been calculated to be 1.35 eV from the ionization potentials and crystal-field stabilization effects. The combination Co(II) + Fe(III) is the ground state. For titanium in Fe203 the following reaction is of importance... 

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