Titanate cross-linkers

The diisopropoxy-bis-(triethanolamine)-titanate, TYZORTE [36673-16-2] is an excellent cross-linker for aqueous solutions of hydroxyl-containing polymers. The reaction product of TYZORTPT with a mixture of trialkano1 amines and dialkanolarnines or monoalkano1 amines can be used to cure polyester-based powder coatings (109). Other ligands of this type iaclude triisopropano1 amine [122-20-3] ... 

Metal-Ion Cross-Linker Chemistry. The most commonly used metal-ion cross-linkers are titanates, zirconates, and borates. Titanate and zirconate gels display significantly different properties than borate gels, and these differences indicate the different nature of the cross-linking for the two types of ions. For example, gels produced by transition metal ions are more thermally stable than borate gels and do not recover viscosity after exposure to shear. 

The presence of Ti02 particles was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering measurements on solutions of titanium triethanolamine (Tyzor TE, Du Pont) mixed with water (6). These water-titanate solutions were used as cross-linkers for HPG solutions (24). Figure 5 shows the growth of approximately 20-A particles over a period of 4 h. The particle size was stable over this period and only slowly grew to 40 A over 24 h. This small particle size led to solutions that were water-clear. To show that the particles are stabilized by electrostatic forces, we added KCl to the solution after aging... 

Another approach to controlling reaction rate has been to add competitive ligands to fluids cross-linked with fast-reacting cross-linkers. Small amounts of materials such as 2,4-pentanedione can be added to fluids cross-linked with titanium acetylacetonate, triethanolamine titanate, or zircon-ium(IV) acetylacetonate to delay the reaction rate. 

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