Time resolved infrared spectroscopy experimental techniques

From the analysis of the data in the LIPID AT database (41), more than 150 different methods and method modifications have been used to collect data related to the lipid phase transitions. Almost 90% of the data is accounted for by less than 10 methods. Differential scaiming calorimetry strongly dominates the field with two thirds of all phase transition records. From the other experimental techniques, various fluorescent methods account for 10% of the information records. X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and polarizing microscopy each contribute to about or less than 2-3% of the phase transition data records in the database. Especially useful in gaining insight into the mechanism and kinetics of lipid phase transitions has been time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction (62,78-81). 

The conversion dependenee of termination was experimentally investigated in detail via the single-pulse pulsed-laser polymerization coupled with online time-resolved near infrared spectroscopy (SP-PLP-NIR) technique. " " This method provides access to chain-length-averaged termination rate coefficients, (kt). The variation of kt) towards increasing monomer-to-polymer conversion, X, is exemplified in Figure 1.5 for bulk polymerization of MMA. 

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