Tillite

Tillites The Mthified remains of unsorted glacial marine sediments. Contains large fragments of unweathered Mthogenous particles. 

Giesy JP, Jude DJ, Tillit DE, Gale RW, Meadows JC, Zajicek JL, Peterman PH, Ver-brugge DA, Sanderson JT, Schwartz TR, Tuchman M (1997) Environ Toxicol Chem 16 713... 

Giesy JP, Ludwig JP, Tillit DE. 1994. Dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs and colonial, fish-eating water birds. In Schecter A, ed. Dioxins and health. New York, NY Plenum Press, 249-307. 

Alkali-rich volcanic rocks Dolerite sills and basalt flows Sandstone, shale, tillite, coal... 

Fig. 7.10 The Kukri Peneplain is exposed on Tillite Spur in the Wisconsin Range Batholith. John G. Murtaugh is pointing to the valley of the Olentangy Glacier (Fig. 7.2) where Permian tillites imconformity a this site (Photo by G. Fauie) rest unconformably on unfoliated and porphyritic facies of the...

I I Mt. Glossopteris Fm. Discovery Ridge Fm, Buckeye Tillite I I Horlick Fm. 

Fig. 8.8 The basement rocks of the Neptune Range in the Pensacola Mountains consist of the isoclinally folded metasedimentary rocks of the Hannah Ridge Formation (defined by Rowell et al. 2001) which is unconformably overlain by the Nelson Limestone (late Middle Cambrian) followed by the Gambacorta Rhyolite and the Wiens Formation (Cambro-Ordovician). These basement rocks were locally intruded by the Serpan Granite and by the hypabyssal Mount Hawkes Porphyry. The Paleozoic sedimentary rocks include the Gale Mudstone which is a trUite of Permian age which resembles the Buckeye Tillite of the Beacon Supergroup in the Ohio Range of the Horlick Mountains (Adapted from Schmidt and Ford 1969 with information from Stump 1995)...

The discovery of tillite proves that the mountains of the Shackleton Range were over-ridden by Permian continental ice sheets that once covered the Transantarctic Mountains before they were uplifted. The evidence for the Permian glaciation of the Shackleton Range draws attention to the possibility that the erosion surface on the present-day summit plateaus is the local representative of the Kukri Peneplain and that this surface was not necessarily formed by erosion during the Plio/Pleistocene glaciation. 

The only erosional remnant of the Beacon Supergroup is a small outcrop of Permian tillite and overlying siltstone in the eastern Shackleton Range. 

An important piece of evidence in du Toit s reconstruction was the distribution of tillites of Permian age on the southern continents including Antarctica, South America, South Africa, India, and Australia. The geographic distribution of tillite on the southern continents and the ice-flow direction derived from striations on the glaciated rock surfaces seemed to require the improbable conclusion that the source of the Permian... 

Fig. 9.2 The regional distribution of Permian tillite on the southern continents and the ice-flow directions indicate the size of the Permian ice sheets when the continents are reassembled into Gondwana. This interpretation also indicates that Gondwana broke up after the Permian glaciation and that the continental fragments subsequently drifted to their present positions on the southern hemisphere of the Earth (Adapted from Smith (1992) based on the reconstruction by du Toit (1937))...

The tectonics of Antarctica in the context of Gondwana were discussed again by Hamilton (1967), as well as by Eord (1972), Elliot (1972, 1975) and others while Erakes and Crowell (1970) used their observations of Permian tillites to refine the positions of Antarctica in Gondwana. At about the same time, Dietz... 

The Weller Coal Measures lie on the Pyramid erosion surface and consist of cross-bedded carbonaceous sandstone (170 m) and siltstones with occasional conglomerate lenses. The Weller Formation contains seams of coal of bituminous to anthracite rank that are up to 1 m thick. The lower part of the Weller Formation is composed of arkosic rocks and contains a thin basal conglomerate with clasts that resemble those of the Metschel Tillite even though the tillite may not be present. 

Fig. 10.7a The Metschel Tillite is bounded above and below by the Maya and Pyramid erosion surfaces which are parallel to each other b In places where the Pyramid erosion surface cuts through the...

Metschel Tillite and through the Maya erosion surface into the Aztec Formation, the Weller Formation lies disconformably on the Aztec Formation and the Maya erosion surface is thereby eliminated. 

The Misthound Coal Measures disconformably overlie the Darwin Tillite. Haskell et al. (1965b) estimated that about 20 m of the tillite was eroded before the overlying sandstone was deposited. The Misthound Coal Measures are 93 m thick at their type locality in Misthound Cirque (Fig. 10.10). The formation consists of cross-bedded sandstone, carbonaceous sandstone,... 

McKelvey and Walker 1983) and includes glacial outwash as well as glaciolacustrine and fluvioglacial deposits (Laird and Bradshaw 1981 Skinner 1981). Collinson et al. (1986) and McKelvey and Walker (1983) correlated the glacial beds of northern Victoria Land with the Metschel Tillite of southern Victoria. 

Permian Diamictite Lanterman R. Tillite and other glacial deposits... 

The Pagoda Tillite, which is the oldest formation of the Victoria Group in Table 10.7, was deposited during the Late Carboniferous/Pennian on the eroded surface of the Alexandra Formation. The erosion surface is equivalent to the Maya disconformity in the Beacon rocks of southern Victoria Land. In places where the Alexandra Formation was eroded or was not deposited, the Pagoda Formation was deposited directly on the Kukri erosion surface which was polished and striated by the continental ice sheet. 

The Pagoda Tillite is composed of massive, poorly sorted sandstone containing scattered pebbles and cobbles. It is interbedded with layers of sandstone and shale studied by Lindsay (1968,1969,1970a, b) as well as by Frakes et al. (1971). In addition, Coates (1972, 1985) considered the Pagoda Tillite of the Queen Alexandra Range in the context of glacial deposits elsewhere in the central Transantarctic Mountains. 

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