Tidal pumping

Hanor (1978) also discussed the mechanisms that may be responsible for degassing of groundwaters in the supratidal zone. His ranking of processes in order of probable importance was 1) tidally-induced oscillations of the groundwater table, 2) tidal pumping at the sediment-atmosphere interface, 3) a decrease in the average depth of the water table, and 4) a seaward increase in porosity. 

Carbollo J.D., Land L.S. and Miser D.E. (1987) Holocene dolomitization of supratidal sediments by active tidal pumping, Sugarloaf Key, Florida.. /. Sediment. Petrol. 57, 153-165. 

Stommel and Farmer (1952) showed that the partitioning of flow at the mouths of estuaries results in higher salinities during flood than ebb flow this will produce a net salt flux in the landward direction. Tidal pumping generally results from a correlation between... 

Geyer, W.R., and Nepf, H. (1996) Tidal pumping of salt in a moderately stratified estuary. Coast. Estuar. Stud. 53, 213-226. 

The animals are intubated via cannulation of the trachea with an 18-gage metal tube and ventilated (Harvard pump ventilator) at a tidal volume of 0.4 mL, frequency 120 breaths/min and positive end-expiratory pressure 2.5-3.0 cm H20. 

The function of the pumping apparatus is ensure the appropriate movement of gases between the environment and the central airways and is evaluated by measuring ventilatory patterns. Ventilatory parameters must include measures of respiratory rate, tidal volume... 

The evolution of photosynthetic oxidation of sulfur compounds permitted the development of the full microbial sulfur cycle in sulfureta. In this cycle, some bacteria and archaea reduce oxidized sulfur compounds, pumping them downward in the microbial mat, while other bacteria reoxidize them photosynthetically. The development of this cycle, coupled with the use of stored sulfur as a redox bank balance that could be exploited either way the redox budget swung during tidal and diurnal cycles, would have greatly expanded the thermodynamic power of the biosphere. 

Often, the preliminary characterization wells can be incorporated in the permanent monitor-well network. However, in cases where the initial presumed ground-water flow direction turns out to be incorrect, due to the influences of nearby pumping wells, tidal fluctuations, ground-water mounds, or other hydraulic phenomena, additional regulatory wells may be required. 

The mechanism by which tides create the cycloidal crack patterns was discovered by B.R. Tufts and G.V. Hoppa (Hoppa et al. 1999c). Due to the orbital eccentricity, which is pumped and maintained by the Laplace resonance, the tidal stress on Europas ice crust changes periodically with each orbit. We call this variation the diurnal tide, because the 85 hr orbital period is approximately the length of a Europan day, and is comparable to the length of a day on Earth. 

Such human activities as oil-field development, waste-spreading operations, and fertilization can also add sizeable quantities of soluble salts to soils. Development of tidal or formerly marine areas can lead to salinity from saltwater intrusion whenever freshwater is insufficient to keep out seawater. The seaward flow of freshwater is often decreased by pumping from wells and diversion of streams for irrigation. In the Netherlands, treated municipal wastewater is pumped into the ground to prevent... 

A pump or compressor does work on a fluid in order to increase the fluid s pressure, elevation, velocity, or internal energy. A fluid engine or turbine extracts work from a fluid by lowering its pressure, elevation, velocity, or internal energy. These definitions are the reverse of each other, so some devices could serve as pumps or as fluid engines, depending on what way they were run. Tidal power plants and pumped storage power plants use the same device as a pump for part of the day and as a turbine for another part of the day. 

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