Throughput component

The surface production system consists of a series of equipment items, such as that illustrated below, which shows the maximum oil handling capacity of the items. The maximum capacity of the system is determined by the component of the system with the smallest throughput capacity. 

Adhesives and Sealants. Most industrial adhesives contain surface active components and additives, and air entrainment during their mechanical appHcation can significantly reduce joint strength. Defoamers are usually formulated into adhesives to protect users against such difficulties. Additional benefits, such as improved uniformity of products, increased throughput and reduced labor costs can also result from the use of defoamers during adhesive appHcation. The footwear and nonwoven fabric industries are extensive users of defoamers in this way. 

Fouling is the term used to describe the loss of throughput of a membrane device as it becomes chemically or physically changed by the process fluid (often by a minor component or a contaminant). A manifestation of fouling in cross-flow UF is that the membrane becomes unresponsive to the hydrodynamic mass transfer which is rate-controlling for most UF. Fouling is different from concentration polarization. Both reduce output, and their resistances are additive. Raising the flow rate in a cross-flow UF will increase flux, as in Eq. 

Coal Slurries - Two component treatments prove to be effective on a commercial scale for coal slurry flocculation. The use of encapsulated floccuiant suspended in a counter charged floccuiant provides the robusmess of traditional dual component systems, but with additional performance advantages, which include reduction in filter cake moisture content and an increased throughput rate. Figure 5 illustrates the typical filter cake moisture content obtained by a conventional treatment system compared to the encapsulated treatment system using coal tailings as the substrate. 

In the context of industrial compressors, dust is a major consideration. Such compressors have a very high throughput of air, and even in apparently clean atmospheres, the quantity of airborne dirt is sufficient to cause trouble if the compressor is not fitted with an air-intake filter. Many of the airborne particles in an industrial atmosphere are abrasive, and they cause accelerated rates of wear in any compressor with sliding components in the compressor chamber. The dirt passes into the oil, where it may accumulate and contribute very seriously to the carbon deposits in valves and outlet pipes. Another consideration is that dirt in oil is likely to act as a catalyst, thus encouraging oxidation. 

---