Thrombin-mediated

Several electrical aptamer biosensors implemented the biocatalytic hydrolytic activities of thrombin, or the fact that proteins (e.g., thrombin) often include several binding sites for the formation of supramolecular complexes with different aptamers. The bioelectrocatalytic detection of thrombin by an electrical aptasensor was demonstrated by formation of an aptamer-thrombin complex on the electrode, followed by a thrombin-mediated hydrolysis of the nitroaniline-functionalized peptide, (22), yielding the redox-active product nitroaniline, (23), which was analyzed electrochemically76 (Fig. 12.20b). A further bioelectrocatalytic aptasensors configuration is depicted in Fig. 12.20c, where the multidentate formation of aptamer-protein supramolecular complexes was used to analyze thrombin.76 Thrombin includes two different binding sites for aptamers.77 One of the thrombin aptamers... 

A DTI offers several advantages over conventional heparin. They act independent of AT and are capable of inactivating free and clot-bound thrombin equally well. As a group, these agents inhibit thrombus growth and thrombin-mediated platelet activation. Several direct thrombin inhibitors have now been studied in clinical trials. 

Fig. 11.6. Icmt inhibition impairs activation of RhoA and Racl GTPases and impacts on RhoA- and Racl-mediated cell migration. A, thrombin-mediated activation of RhoA. Cells were treated with thrombin (-f) or vehicle (—) for 15 min, whereupon levels of bound and total RhoA were determined. B, EGF-mediated activation of Racl. Cells were treated with EGF (-f) or vehicle (—) for 15 min, whereupon lysates were prepared and levels of bound and total Racl were determined. C and D, RhoA rescues directed migration. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated for 3 days with cysmethynil Cysmeth) or vehicle Cont) and recombinant adenovirus carrying HA-tagged RhoA or GFP was introduced as indicated. Cells were harvested and transwell migration assays were conducted. E and F, Racl rescues random migration. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated as described above, except that recombinant adenovirus carrying HA-tagged Racl or GFP was introduced. This figure is reproduced from Ref. [28].

Liu L, Freedman J, Homstdn A, Fenton JW,H, Song Y, Ofosu FA Binding of thrombin to the G-protein-linked receptor, and not to glycoprotein Ib, precedes thrombin-mediated platdd activation. J Biol Chem 272 1997,1997... 

Thrombin-mediated amiriification of coagulation is effected only under certain conditions. 

Inhibitory dissociation constants for human a-thrombin mediated hydrolysis of the... 

Thrombomodulin (TM), also designated CD141, is an endothelial cell-associated cofactor for thrombin-mediated activator of protein C. TM expression, predominantly as membranous staining, has been found in 69%... 

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