Three-dimensional structures conotoxin

Although small in size, the conotoxins contain many of the structural elements present in larger proteins, including a-helices, -sheets and fl-turns, hence, they are often referred to as mini-proteins. Their relative ease of synthesis allows accurate three-dimensional structures to be obtained using techniques such as X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. 

Kohno, T. Kim, J.I. Kobayashi, K. Kodera, Y. Maeda, T. Sato, K. (1995) Three-dimensional structure in solution of the calcium channel blocker u-conotoxin MVIIA. Biochemistry, 34, 10256-65. 

Figure 2 Three-dimensional structures of the a-conotoxin El, T-superfamily conotoxins e-TxlX and x-mrIA, mini-M mr3a, w-conotoxin MVIIIA, and /i-conotoxin GIIIA. The ribbon representation of the backbone is in blue. Disulfide bridges are shown in orange.

Sevilla P, Brnix M, Santoro J, Gago F, Garcia AG, Rico M. Three-dimensional structure of omega-conotoxin GVIA determined hy IH NMR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993 192(3) 1238-44. 

Savarin, P., Guenneugues, M., Gilquin, B., Lamthanh, H., Gasparini, S., Zinn-Justin, S., and Menez, A. (1998) Three-dimensional structure of K-conotoxin PVIIA, a novel potassium channel-blocking toxin from cone snails. Biochemistry, 37, 5407-5416. 

Van Wagoner, R.M., Jacobsen, R.B., Olivera, B.M., and Ireland, C.M. (2003) Characterization and three-dimensional structure determination of r )-conotoxin Pihf a novel noncompetitive... 

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