Thomson, W., Lord Kelvin

Thomson W (Lord Kelvin). The influence of wind on waves in water supposed frictionless. Phil Mag 1871 10 330-333. 

Thomson, W. (Lord Kelvin), James Watt An Oration) in W. Thomson, Lord Kelvin, Mathematical and Physical Papers, 6 vols (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1882-1911), vol 6, pp. 345-62. 

Thomson W (Lord Kelvin) (1889). Popular Lectures and Addresses, Vol 1. London Macmillan 1889, 254 (lecture delivered 1883). 

Mason WP (ed) (1964) Physical acoustics. Academic, New York, NY Nelson DF (1979) Electric, optic and acoustic interactions in dielectrics. Wiley, New York, NY Thomson W (Lord Kelvin) (1878) On the piezoelectric property of quartz. Phil Mag 5 4 Tichy J, Gautschi G (1980) Piezoelektrische Messtechnik. Springer, Heidelberg Toledano P, Dmitriev V (1996) Reconstructive phase transitions. World Scientific, Singapore Valasek J (1920) Piezoelectric and allied phenomena in Rochelle salt. Phys Rev 15 537-538 Valasek J (1921) Piezoelectricity and allied phenomena in Rochelle salt. Phys Rev 17 475-481 Valasek J (1922) Piezo-electric activity of Rochelle salt under various conditions. Phys Rev 19 478 Valasek J (1924) Dielectric anomalies in Rochelle salt crystals. Phys Rev 24 560 Voigt W (1890) General theory of the piezo- and pyroelectric properties of crystals. Abh Gott 36 1-99... 

Baltimore Lectures on Molecular Dynamics and the Wave Theory of Light Thomson, W. (Lord Kelvin) C.J. Clay and Sons London 1904. 

Thomson, W. (Lord Kelvin) (1843). On the uniform motion of heat in homogeneous solid bodies and its connection with the mathematical theory of electricity. Cambridge Mathematical Journal, 3, 11-84. 

The idea that microbes could migrate across the universe was supported by scientists with a worldwide reputation, such as H. von Helmholtz, W. Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) and Svante Arrhenius. This hypothesis was still accepted by Arrhenius in the year 1927, when he reported in the Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie on his assumption that thermophilic bacteria could be transported within a few days from Venus (with a calculated surface temperature of 320 K) to the Earth by the radiation pressure of the sun (Arrhenius, 1927). The panspermia hypothesis, which seemed to have disappeared in the intervening decades, was reintroduced in the ideas of Francis Crick (Crick and Orgel, 1973). It still exists in a modified form (see Sect. 11.1.2.4). 

In the period 1852-62, J. P. Joule and W. Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) perfected a clever method for measuring the isenthalpic property (dT/dP)Ih which has come to be called the Joule-Thomson coefficient, symbolized /xJT ... 

The classical foundations of thermodynamics were formulated in a number of papers written by the American physicist and chemist J.W. Gibbs during the years 1875 - 1878. The foundations of Gibbs thermodynamics included earlier works by among others Sadi Carnot (Prance), J.P. Joule (England), R. Clausius (Germany) and W. Thomson, later Lord Kelvin (England). 

William Thomson (1824—1907) became Lord Kelvin in 1892. He has several famous namesakes J. Thomson proposed die law that described the dependence of phase transition temperature on size, J.J. and J.P. Thomson (father and son) are die Nobel prize awarded physicists, etc. Thus, to avoid misunderstanding we refer W. Thomson as Kelvin by analogy with J.W. Strutt (1842-1919), who got his title (Lord Rayleigh) in 1873 by the inheritance. 

Numerous instructions on determining 7S or the specific energy 7sl of the melt -solid interface use the equation first derived by W. Thomson (Lord Kelvin) in 1871. One of its derivations follows. 

The beginning of the study of surface effects is old. Equation (12.48) was first reported in 1806 by P. S. Laplace in his celebrated Mecanique celeste, while W. Thomson (Lord Kelvin) reported equation (12.49) in Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 9, 255 (1858). 

Lord Kelvin (then W. Thomson), Lecture to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Leb. 18, 1967 Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 6, 94 (1869) see also S. P. Thomson, Life of Lord Kelvin, Macmillan, London, 1910, p. 517. 

That such ought to be the case was first realised by James Thomson 1 who, in 1849, showed that from theoretical considerations a connection must exist between the melting-point of a solid and the pressure. The following year this was experimentally demonstrated, by his brother W. Thomson (Lord Kelvin),2 who found that under a pressure of 8-1 atmospheres the melting-point of ice was lowered by 0-059° C., equivalent to a fall of 0-0078° per atmosphere. In the table on p. 251 are given the more accurate determinations of Tammann,3 the third colunm giving the results calculated in terms of atmospheres.4... 

The subject of capillarity (so called because it was first noticed in the ascent of water in fine glass tubes— Latin capillus, a hair) was extended theoretically by Dupre,3 Maxwell, Lord Rayleigh,5 W. Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Gibbs, van der Waals, Bakker, and others and experimentally by Plateau, Boys, Dewar, 2 and many other workers. 3 The subject has been a favourite field for the pure mathematician, who has added little to the results of Laplace. 

W. Thomson (Lord Kelvin), between 1852 and 1862, shoAved that a temperature difference, indicating a value other than zero for Q, should have been observed. However, it appears that the more closely the gas approximates to ideal behavior the smaller is the heat effect, and so it is probable that for an ideal gas the value of Q in the free expansion described above would be actually zero. 

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