Thiopental Ethanol

Dihydrate, crystals, mp 156-163. Anhydr form mp 190. Slightly bitter taste. Freely sol in water (about 1 g/1 ml water). Soly in 95% ethanol 0.42g/l00ml. Sparingly sol in banzene, chloroform. Practically insol in ether. The pH of a 2-5% aq soln may vary from 4.5 to 3.0. Solns without stabilizers (e.g., 0.1% methyl p-hydroxybenzoate) must be kept refrigerated, they are incompatible with alka -line agents, such as thiopental sodinm. LDgg i.v. in mice 0.45 mg/kg (Anttila, Ertama). therap cat Skeletal muscle relaxant. 

Noninterfering acetaminophen, acetylmorphine, amiodarone, amobarbital, amphetamine, bendroflumethiazide, benzocaine, benzoylecgonine, benzthiazide, butalbital, carbamaze-pine, chlorothiazide, clonazepam, cocaine, codeine, cotinine, cyclosporine, cyclothiazide, desalkylflurazepam, diamorphine, dicumerol, ephedrine, ethaciynic acid, ethanol, eth-chlorvynol, ethosuximide, furosemide, glutethimide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrocodone, hydroflumethiazide, hydromorphone, lorazepam, mephentermine, meprobamate, meth-amphetamine, metharbital, methoxsalen, methoxyphenteramine, methsuximide, meth-ylcyclothiazide, metoprolol, MHPG, monoacetylmorphine, morphine, normethsuximide, oxazepam, oxycodone, oxymorphone, pentobarbital, phencyclidine, phenteramine, phenylephrine, phenytoin, polythiazide, primidone, prochlorperazine, salicylic acid, sulfanilamide, THC-COOH, theophylline, thiazolam, thiopental, thioridazine, tocainide, trichlo-romethiazide, trifluoperazine, valproic acid, warfarin... 

Other uses Thiopental is commonly used for the induction of anesthesia, and certain benzodiazepines (eg, diazepam, midazolam) are used as components of anesthesia protocols. Special uses include the management of seizure disorders (eg, clonazepam, phenobarbital) and muscle spasticity (diazepam). Longer-acting dmgs (eg, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam) are used in the management of withdrawal states in persons physiologically dependent on ethanol and other sedative-hypnotics. 

Diethyl malonate on reaction with sodium metal gives rise to sodium malonic ester which on treatment with ethyl bromide results into the formation of diethyl ester of ethyl malonic acid with the elimination of hydrobromic acid. The resulting ester on further reaction with 2-bromopentane gives the desired eompound, i.e., diethyl ester of ethyl (1-methyl butyl) malonic acid which on subsequent treatment with thiourea forms thiopental with the elimination of two moles of ethanol. Ultimately, the enol-iorm of thiopental when reaeted with a ealeulated amoimt of sodium hydroxide, it gives thiopental sodium. 

An ethanol extract of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) was shown to modestly prolong thiopental anaesthesia in mice, possibly via its effects on the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor."... 

---