Thin coil cells

A solution in 500 c.cs. water is made from 110 gms. potassium acetate, 26 gms. potassium carbonate and 28 gms. potassium bicarbonate, and poured into a lead cell or glass beaker, which need contain no anode chamber. The beaker should be placed in a basin of cold water, and the cathode should take the form of a thin lead pipe, with a copper connection soldered to it, wound in the form of a coil, and placed close to the inner walls of the beaker. Through this pipe a supply of cold water is run, so that the temperature is maintained at 25°—30° during the electrolysis. The anode is of platinum, and should be so arranged that it can be rotated. The current density is 20—25 amperes per sq. dcm., and the E.M.F. 7—8 volts. 

Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) are of great interest due to their fast electro-optical response which is about 1,000 times faster than conventional twisted nematic cells [131]. The geometry used is called a surface stabilized FLC cell which utilizes a very thin gap (=2 pm) to unwind the FLC supramolecular pitch (=1-2 pm) since the bulk FLC materials do not show macroscopic polarization. This very thin gap, however, leads to difficulties in manufacturing large panels and very poor shock resistance. Researchers have proposed the concept of microphase stabilized FLC [79,109, 130] using FLC-coil diblock copolymers for electro-optical applications as shown in Fig. 15. This concept takes advantage of ferroelectric liquid crystallinity and block copolymer microphase separation since the block... 

Figure 6 Continuous and pulsed dialysis in flow analytical setups. P1-P4, pumps IV, injection valve DC, thin layer dialysis cell M, separation membrane S, sample solution B, carrier solution CC, compensation coil MC, mixing coll.

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