Thianthrenes applications

Thianthrene, 2,3,7,8-tetramethoxy-dication, 3, 968 Thianthrenedicarboxylic acids applications, 3, 993 Thianthrene-2,6-dicarboxylic acids... 

DIPOLE MOMENTS AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE In a number of cases the magnitude of the dipole moment may be used to determine the geometrical configuration of the atoms in a molecule. Thus the first proof of the triangular structure of water arose from dipole moment measurements. Calculation may also be made of the valency angles from dipole moment data, but the values obtained are not as accurate as the more direct methods employing spectra, x-ray and electron diffraction measurements. However, for complex molecules when the application of more exact methods is not possible, the analysis of the dipole moment data may give valuable information. Thus the moment of thianthrene is 1-57, D,... 

Further interesting examples of C-S bond formation involve the reaction of previously prepared (or in situ anodically generated) thianthrene or phenothiazine radical cations with alkenes or alkynes, to give l,2-bis(hetaryl) alkanes (or the respective alkenes) [82]. With cyclooctene a 1 1 adduct is obtained instead. Another valuable application is the smooth reaction with ketones (Scheme 26). The thian-threnium salts (40) now obtained are readily deprotonated to the corresponding ylides (41) [83]. The latter compounds are directly obtained when yff-dicarbonyls are used. 

Growth of product lines based on pura-chorotoluene at the end of the 1970s and early 1980s has led to further development of the cocatalyst. The use of thianthrenes [130]-[135], phenoxazines [136]-[138], or phenothiazines [139]-[142] instead of sulfur is described in patent applications. 

The poly(aryl ether thianthrene)s are flame resistant and exhibit a high refractive index of 1.61-1.70, depending on the wavelength and the corresponding bisphenol. For this reason, the polymers are interesting for optical applications. 

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