Thermotolerant bacteria

Enzymes are protein catalysts of remarkable efficiency and specificity. Lipid, carbohydrate, nucleotide, or metal-containing prosthetic groups may be attached to these enzymes and serve as essential components of their catalyses by enhancing specificity and/or stability (8—13). Each enzyme has a specific temperature and pH range where it functions to its optimal capacity the optima for these proteins usually He between 37—47°C, and pH optima range from acidic, ie, 1.0 in the case of gastric pepsin, to alkaline, ie, 10.5 in the case of alkaline phosphatase. However, enzymes from extremely thermotolerant bacteria have become available these can function at or near the boiling point of water, and therapeutic use of these ultrastable proteins can be anticipated. 

In the test for fecal coliform bacteria, a sample of water is incubated at 112°F (44.5°C) for about 24 hours. Ifbacteria are present, the person conducting the test counts the number of colonies formed or looks for carbon dioxide gas in the incubation tube. This test is specific for fecal coliforms because they are members of a group of coliform bacteria known as thermotolerant that survive at temperatures of 112°F (44.5°C) or more other types of coliforms do not. 

The universality of the heat shock response has been proved by comparative studies not only within the domains of bacteria and eucarya but also, more recently, within the domain of archaea. Thus the phenomenon of acquired thermotolerance associated with the synthesis of specific proteins could also be found in mesophilic and thermophilic archaea [49-52]. 

Stanek (1974) reported that the introduction of several thermotolerant endospore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus (B. subtilus, B. meseatericus and B. macerans). o the casing not only inhibited attacks by competitors but also stimulated mycelial growth which presumably would enhance yields. Endospores of these bacteria survive pasteurization but not sterilization, and are abundant in soils. This discovery may explain why sterilized casings do not produce fruitbodies. 

Qiua Z, Ikeharab T, Nishi T (2003) Melting behaviour of poly(butylene succinate) in miscible blends with poly(ethylene oxide). Polymer 44 3095-3099 Romen F, Reinhardt S, Jendrossek D (2(X)4) Thermotolerant poly(3-hydioxybutyrate)- degrading bacteria from hot compost and characterization of the PHB depolymerase of Schlegelella sp. KB la. Arch Microbiol 182 157-164... 

Stadtwald-Demchick R, Turner FR and Gest H. Rhodopseudomonas cryptolactis, sp. nov., a new thermotolerant species of budding phototrophic purple bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1990 71 177-182. 

Saeki A, Theeragol G, Matsushita K (1997b) Development of thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria useful for vinegar fermentation at high temperature. Biosci Biotech Biochem 61 138-145... 

Lisdiyanti et al. (2003) isolated a total of 331 strains of acetic acid bacteria from fermented foods, fruits, and flowers in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Acetobacter, and Gluconacetobacter (mostly Komagataeibacter) were mainly isolated from fermented foods. Kozakia baliensis strains were isolated from ragi, a starter for fermented foods. Thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria were isolated from Thai fermented foods (Monmangmee et al. 2008). Some strains can grow at 40 °C. The bacteria were identified as Gluconobacterfrateurii, Acetobacter tropicalis, and A. pasteurianus. 

Pfeiffer, S. M., Mclnemey, M. J., Jenneman, G. E., Knapp, R. M. Isolation of halotolerant, thermotolerant, facultative polymer-producing bacteria and characterization of the evx>-polymet. Appl Envirrm Microbiol 1986, 51,1224—1229. 

Arfman, N., Dijkhuizen, L., Kirchholf, G. et al. (1992) Bacillus mefhanolicus sp. nov., a new species of thermotolerant, methanol-utUizing, endospore-forming bacteria. Irit. J. Syst. Bacterial., 42, 439-445. 

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