Thermosetting fibers

TABLE 25-19 Typical Thermoset Fiber-Reinforced Laminate Properties... 

Table VIL6. Internationally Used Abbreviations for Thermoplasts, Thermosets, Fibers, Elastomers, and Additives (According to ASTM D 1600-64 T and 1418-67 BS 3502-1962 ISO 1043-1975 DIN 7723, 7728 and 60 001 lUPAC EEC EDV Key to the European Textile Terminology Law DDR, NS 4012)...

A beneficial property of elastomers is that they can be compounded or joined with other materials to strengthen certain characteristics. Other kinds of polymers may be installed next to various other materials, such as metal, hard plastic, or different kinds of rubber, with excellent adhesion. Harper CA (ed) (2002) Handbook of plastics, elastomers, and composites, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York. Harper CA (ed) (2002) Handbook of plastics, elastomers, and composites, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York. Elias HG et al. (1983) Abbreviations for thermoplastics, thermosets, fibers, elastomers, and additives. Polym News 9 101-110. James F (ed) (1993) Whittington s dictionary of plastics. Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Carley. Harper CA (ed) (2002) Handbook of plastics, elastomers, and composites, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York. Skeist I (ed) (1990) Handbook of adhesives. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 

Elias H-G et al (1983) Abbreviations for thermoplastics, thermosets, fibers, elastomers, and additives. Polymer News (9) 101-110 Elias HG (1977) Macromolecules, vols 1-2. Plenum Press, New York... 

Carbonization and Heat-Treatment. The thermoset fibers are then carbonized at temperatures up to 1000°C. This is done slowly to prevent rapid gas evolution and the formation of bubbles and other flaws. Carbonization is followed by a heat-treatment from 1200 to 3000°C, at the end of which the final structure, strength, and modulus are established (see Sec. 6.4 below)... 

In thermosetting fiber composite piastics (FCP), the actuai materiai is formed when the soiid moiding compound is produced from resin compound and reinforcing substances. The interaction between matrix and fibers is of particuiar importance that is why processing controis the iong-term behavior of FCP. 

It is clear from the materials presented above that coupling between flow and orientation of fibers is necessary to accurately describe or predict the rheological properties of concentrated suspensions of fibers. Several other research groups (Altan et al. 1989, 1990, 1992 Ranganathan and Advani 1991 Shanker et al. 1991 Shaqfeh and Fredrickson 1990 Tucker and Advani 1974) reported on flow-induced fiber orientation in semicon-centrated or concentrated suspensions closely related to the processing of thermoplastic composite materials. In Chapter 13 of Volume 2 we discuss the importance of fiber orientation in the processing of thermoset/fiber composites. 

The materials presented in this chapter will be used in the discussions on the processing of thermosets in Chapters 11-13 of Volume 2, which cover reaction injection molding, pultrusion of thermoset/fiber composites and compression molding of thermoset/fiber composites, respectively. 

Abbreviations for Thermoplastics, Thermosets, Fibers, Elastomers, and Additives... 

Abbreviations and acronyms for the names of thermoplastics, thermosets, fibers, elastomers, and additives have been proposed by many national and international organizations. Some of these abbreviations were introduced by law, others are trademarks in eertain eountries. As a result, the same abbreviation is often used for different polymers. The same polymer may also have different abbreviations or aeronyms. Furthermore, some abbreviations refer to ehemieal compounds (lUPAC) whereas abbreviations leeommended by ASTM, BS, DIN, and ISO usually refer to plastics, fibers, elastomers, etc., that are based on the corresponding polymers, i.e., polymers plus additives, modifiers, fillers, ete. 

Section B lists, in alphabetical order, the abbreviations and acronyms for thermoplastics, thermosets, fibers, elastomers, and additives. Sections C and D list the abbreviations for polymers, based on their monomeric imits and characteristic groups, respectively. Section E contains abbreviations and acronyms for polymers obtained by chemical transformation of base polymers. Section F contains special abbreviations for blends, reinforced polymers, etc., and Section G the ISO and DIN codes for plastics. Section H lists the special abbreviations connected with the recycling of plastics. Recommended abbreviations and acronyms for elastomers and fibers are given in Sections I and J, respectively. 

VIII / 4 ABBREVIATIONS FOR THERMOPLASTICS, THERMOSETS, FIBERS, ELASTOMERS, AND ADDITIVES... 

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