Thermosets toughened

In the case of thermosets toughened with thermoplastics particles (Sec. 13.4), this mechanism may be of a considerable importance because of the intrinsic toughness and/or ductility of these particles. 

From the above discussion, the choice of both composition and cure schedule is essential in the successful reactive processing of a thermoset toughened by the separation of dispersed elastomeric or thermoplastic (spherical) domains during the curing reaction. The... 

Xu Xu, J., Wu, H., Mills, O. P., Heiden, P. A. A morphological investigation of thermosets toughened with novel thermoplastics. I. Bismaleimide modified with hyperbranched polyester. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 72 (1999) 1065-1076. 

The use of elastomeric modifiers for toughening thermoset resias generally results ia lowering the glass transition temperature, modulus, and strength of the modified system. More recendy, ductile engineering thermoplastics and functional thermoplastic oligomers have been used as modifiers for epoxy matrix resias and other thermosets (12). 

R. Siebert, "Rubber-Modified Thermoset Resins," in C. K. Riew and J. K. GiUham, eds., ACS Advances in Chemistry Series 208, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1983, p. 179 W. D. Bascom and D. L. Hunston, "Rubber Toughened Plastic," Adv. Chem. Ser. No. 222, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1989. 

Sulfones - Although thermosets as exemplified by the cured epoxies, cyanates and blsmaleimides are high modulus materials, they are brittle when void of toughening agents (e.g. rubbers or thermo-... 

Thermoset materials with a controlled morphology in the low pm-range are found in toughened thermosets where the second polymeric phase has been generated via a phase separation process. Indeed the methodology we sought to... 

Solvent-modified and macroporous epoxies prepared via the CIPS technique are ideal materials to verify these predictions and to throw some light on the ongoing discussion on the role of the second phase and cavitation for the toughening of thermosets. 

Fig. 8.2. Composite mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, G[, as a function of respective neat resin toughness, G] ( ) Kim et al. (1992) (O) from Russell and Street (1987) ( ) toughened thermosets and ( ) thermoplasties from Hunston et al. (1987) (A) from Bradley (1989a) ( ) from Jordan and Bradley...

Kinloch, A.J. (1986). Rubber toughened thermosetting polymers. In Development in Re.sins and Primers (A.J. Kinloch ed.), Elsevier Appl. Sci. Pub., London. 

Rccker, H.G., Altstadt, V., Eberle, W., Folda, T., Gerth, D., Heckmann, W., Ittemann, P., Teseh, FI. and Weber, T. (1990). Toughened thermosets for damage tolerance carbon fiber reinforced composites. SAMPE J. 26, 73 78. 

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