Thermokinetic potential

Actually prior to Onsager, Natanson published a series of papers on the problems of thermodynamically irreversible processes, thus becoming a pioneer in the modem thermodynamics of irreversible processes [6]. However, Natanson s thermokinetic principle was, because of its generality, not understood by his contemporaries [7]. 

The thermokinetic potential was introduced by splitting the internal energy in an extra term containing the heat energy and the work and inserting the respective terms into the Lagrange equations [8-10]. 

Maqan Smoluchowski, bom May 28, 1872, in Vorderbriihl, Austria, died September 5, 1917, in Cracow, Poland. 

It is assumed that the coefficients can be split into reversible parts and irreversible parts, i.e., 

Inserting in Eq. (19.13) gives the reversible and irreversible parts of work and heat 

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The use of excess formic acid to destroy excess nitric acid (5M) in nuclear fuel reprocessing waste solutions at 100°C is potentially hazardous because of an induction period, high exothermicity and the evolution of large amounts of gas, mainly carbon dioxide, dinitrogen oxide and nitrogen oxide, with some nitrogen and dini-trogen tetraoxide. The system has been studied thermokinetically, and the effects of various salts (which decrease the reaction rate) and sulfuric acid (which increases the rate) were determined [1],... 

Current Seebeck (Thompson effect) Diffusion and membrane potential Electric conduction Rouss effect thermokinetic effect... 

Relaxation thermodynamics (thermokinetics) includes an explicit dependence of the thermodynamic potentials on the rate of motion of the coiifigiirativc point. 

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