Thermographic methods

The liquid crystal thermographs method has been used for measuring microtube surface temperature with uncertainties of lower than 0.4 K by Lin and Yang (2007). The average outside diameter micro-tubes was 250 pm and 1,260 pm, respectively. The surface was coated with thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC). The diameters of encapsulated TLC were ranging from 5 to 15 pm. The TLC was painted on the tested tubes surface with thickness of approximately 30 pm. 

The thermographic method which obtains critical conditions for thermal expln of reactants heated in a manner to keep temp gradients at... 

Reactions which introduce a temperature difference either by the emission of heat or by consuming heat are accessible to infrared-thermographic methods. Reetz et al. [45] have reported the screening of enantioselective reactions on a modified mi-cro-titer-plate. A time-resolved picture of a sector of this titer-plate showed the increased activity of the catalysts in three individual wells. 

The x-ray studies (6) show that after ion exchange, Ni zeolites retain their primary structure. More detailed information on the stability of the Ni zeolite was obtained by a thermographic method (Figure 1). 

Shchukarev et al. (6) have found the melting point, 559 K, by the thermographic method and 568 K by the tensimetric method. The value of 559 K is adopted in the tabulation. 

Reshetnikov and Baranskaya (9) reported a slightly higher value of 5.29 kcal mol thermographic method. 

If the homogenization process proceeds during the temporal course of the temperature equalization, a thermographic method (LCT) can be used, which is based on the coloring of thermochromatic liquid crystals [645]. 

Other methods. In addition to the systems mentioned above, there are many others. Commonly encountered ones include optical methods in which the index-of-refraction variation is determined and, from this, the temperature and liquid-crystal or other contact thermographic methods in which the color of cholesteric liquid crystals or thermally sensitive materials are determined by the temperature. 

The thermographic method was used to determine kinetic parameters for DINA (Dinitroxydiethylnitramine) and Tetryl. For DINA (over 147-62°) E = 45kcal/mole and QZ = 10 " °cal/g sec, as compared to E = 45 kcal/mole and Z = 10 sec" obtained under isothermal conditions. For Tetryl (over 132— 53°), E = 38kcal/mole and QZ = 10 cal/g sec, as compared to E = 38kcal/mole and Z = 10 sec" obtained under isothermal conditions... 

Rogousky, A. J. (1985), Ultrasonic and thermographic methods for NDE of composite tubular parts. Materials Evaluation. April 1985, 43. 4, 547-555. 

V Crupi, E Guglielmino, M Maestro, and A Marino. Fatigue analysis of butt welded AH36 steel joints Thermographic method and design S—N curve. Marine Structures, 22(3) 373—386, 2009. 

The surface temperature of the human skin under which vessels are located is about 0.1°C to 0.3°C higher than that of the surrounding area. This is particularly true of the limbs, where the vessels are relatively close to the surface. Sensitive thermographic methods can then be employed to follow the course of vessels and localize the points where the blood supply to the respective limb is impaired as a result of calcification or a clot. By using a cholesteric liquid crystal with an indicating range of 0.4° C or less, the color of which is blue at normal body temperature, the diseased pqints will show up red because of the lower temperature [2]. 

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