Thermoelectric effects and charge carriers

Thermoelectric materials are also used for the generation of electricity and for refrigeration 

The effectiveness of devices using thermoelectric effects depends on the magnitude of the relative Peltier coefficient, II, or its equivalent, the relative Seebeck coefficient, S. However, these are not the only material parameters of importance. As an example, consider the operation of a heat pump. The amount of heat produced or absorbed is 

---