Thermodynamics of dissolution

The electrostatic interactions between the ions when dissolved in the polymer are a legacy of the electrostatic interactions which existed in the crystalline salt. As a result of the persistence of strong ion-ion interactions when a salt is dissolved in a polymer, dissolution may be regarded as a process in which some of the electrostatic interactions (bonds) between ions in the salt are replaced by interactions between the cation and the polymer. 

It is evident that, in practice, the major factors determining whether a salt will dissolve in a polymer are the lattice energy of the salt and the solvation of the cations by the polymer chains. 

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The general principle of solubility is that like dissolves like. Hence polar polymers dissolve most readily in polar solvents, aromatic polymers in aromatic solvents, and so on. This is reflected in the thermodynamics of dissolution. 

Table 5.1 Thermodynamics of dissolution processes of ionic salts in water at 25 °C.

The disagreement between the calculated standard free energies of formation of aqueous Fe + and those deduced by Sweeton and Baes (23) has been commented on by the author (9) and by Tremaine, Van Massow and Shierman (73). In view of the problem at 300 C with Cl -complexing (discussed earlier) it seems unlikely to the author that the thermodynamics of dissolution of magnetite in acid solution are quite as well characterized as is suggested by the calculations of Tremaine et al (73). 

Contributions of Peptide and Apolar Hydrogen Groups to the Thermodynamics of Dissolution into Water ... 

Equilibrium and calorimetric studies of the thermodynamics of dissolution of various gaseous and liquid nonpolar substances into water have led to the establishment of the following facts. 

As before, angle brackets indicate molar concentration of individual species. In Eq. 5.14, Kx is a quantitative measure of the amount of dissolution of a particular oxide and, hence, the extent of its ionization. This quantity determines whether a particular oxide satisfies the condition of slow dissolution and will form CBPC in a given pH range. We will explore K,. in detail using the thermodynamics of dissolution reactions in Chapter 6, but here we will study its pH dependence. 

Lindenbaum S and Rajagopalan N. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Dissolution of Lecithin by Bile-Salts. Hepatology 1984 4 S124-S128. 

There are essentially two fundamental questions that have been the subject of extensive research. The first is concerned with the type of structure that water molecules are assumed to form around the solute molecules. Progress in this field was mainly due to comparison of the thermodynamics of dissolution of gases in water with the thermodynamics of gas-hydrate formation [see, for example, Glew (1962, 1968), and a review by Ben-Naim (1974)]. The second problem is concerned with the mechanism by which a simple solute such as argon enhances the structure of the solvent. ... 

The thermodynamics of dissolution of the oxygenates from gasoline LNAPL is defined using chemical potential. Equilibrium occurs when the chemical potentials in each phase are equal [8] ... 

TA1 Tager, A.A., Klyuzhin, E.S., Adamova, L.V., and Safronov, A.P., Thermodynamics of dissolution of acrylic acid-methyl acrylate copolymers in water (Russ), Vysokomol. Soedin., Ser. B, 35, 1357, 1993. 

SA2 Saftonov, A.P. and Adamova, L.V., Thermodynamics of dissolution of glassy polymers. Polymer, 43, 2653, 2002. 

Differences in the thermodynamics of dissolution can also be exploited for a quantification of amorphous component. Here a solvent is chosen that will allow rapid and total dissolution for both the crystalline and amorphous... 

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