Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria

It is interesting to see that all precipitation processes with SCFs rely on some kind of special thermodynamic behavior of mixtures at high pressure. Also, it is essential to understand phase equilibrium phenomena to appreciate any process development in this field. 

The phase separation processes discussed in this book involve interactions between vapor and liquid phases, or between two liquid phases, or between a vapor phase and two liquid phases. The thermodynamic principles that govern these interactions are introduced in this chapter. Since this chapter is not intended as a full treatise on thermodynamics, only those aspects of the subject that have a direct bearing on phase separation processes are covered. To this end, theory is developed from the basic principles and carried through to the formulation of practical methods for calculating relevant thermodynamic properties, such as fugacity and enthalpy. These properties are essential for carrying out heat and material balance calculations in the separation processes described in this book. 

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Models for Thermodynamic and Phase Equilibria Calculations, edited by Stanley I. Sandler... 

Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Chemical Technology Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 136 NL-2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands... 

I. C. Sanchez and C. G. Panayiotou, Equation of State Thermodynamics of Polymer and Related Solutions, chapt. 3 in "Models for Thermodynamic and Phase equilibria Calculations, S. L. Sandler ed., M. Dekker, New York, 1994. 

Rafal et al. (Chapter 7, "Models for Electrolyte Solutions, in Models for Thermodynamic and Phase Equilibria Calculations, S. I. Sandler, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994, p. 686) have provided a comprehensive discussion of speciation and thermodynamic models. 

Thirdly, flowsheeting programmes like AspenPlus also provide data on thermodynamics and phase equilibria. Here again, biocrude and OD have to be introduced, e.g., as pseudo-components. 

Eredenslund, Aa., Sprensen, J.M., 1994. Group contribution estimation methods. In Sandler, S.I. (Ed.), Models for Thermodynamic and Phase Equilibria Calculations. Dekker, New York (Chapter 4). 

Bibliography of General Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria References... 

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