Thermocouple vacuum gage

Figure 3.1. A schema of the apparatus for the kinetic investigation of the gas evoiution. 1, the reaction vessel 2, vacuum gage 3, gutters for sampling of the gaseous products 4, vacuum cocks 5, the heating furnace with rectangular profiles of temperatures, high-temperature thermocouple 7, thermoregulator 8, ampule with sample.

Accordingly, it is recommended that hydrogen liquefier installations provide for isolation of the catalyst bed and related systems such that a vacuum of 20 microns or less can be maintained in the converter, when that part of the system is isolated for reactivation. The vacuum could be provided by a small portable oil seal vacuum pump. It would also be necessary to install a vacuum gage thermocouple and the extra valves necessary to seal the system. 

Experiments were carried out in batch-type and flow-type supercritical biomass conversion systems. The batch-type reaction system was the same as reported previously (14). In brief, it consisted of a tube reaction vessel (Inconel-625 5 mL in volume) equipped with a thermocouple and a pressure gage. For hydrolysis reaction, 1 mL of rapeseed oil mixed with 4 mL of water was fully charged into the reaction vessel. The reaction vessel was then heated with molten tin preheated at desired temperatures. It took about 12 s to reach the reaction temperature. Subsequently, the vessel was moved into a water bath to quench the reaction. Reaction time was counted from the time a mixture reached the reaction temperature to when it was quenched. The obtained product was then kept for about 30 min until the two phases separated the upper portion is the hydrolyzed product, while the lower is a mixture of water and glycerol. The upper portion was then evaporated in a vacuum evaporator to remove any water. 

---