Theory of alternating polarity

In fact, Cuy s idea was not completely original. Many years before, Fliirscheim [4] and Fry [5], had postulated similar theories of alternating polarities, and the idea was soon extended by Hanke and Koessler [6], Kermack and Robinson [7] and Stieglitz [8] in order to predict the site of reactivity in both aliphatic and aromatic systems. However, as has been stated by A.E. Remick [9], "it would profit us but little to pursue further the similarities and differences of these theories of alternating polarity. Suffice it to say that they were eventually shown to be wrong [10] [11] at least in regard to saturated molecules". In spite of this, it is worthwhile referring here to the work of Lapworth. 

A. Lapworth proposed a theory of alternating polarity [12] in the same year that Cuy s paper was published, demonstrating that he was more than fifty years... 

Prevost and Kirrmann cite Ingold s experiments providing evidence of the inadequacy of Lapworth and Robinson s theory of alternate induced polarity in their 1931 memoir (1320). Their reference is to Ingold,... 

An alternative treatment [153, 195] is based upon (18), where the work of adhesion is calculated using the theory of fractional polarity. Intermolecular energies are assumed to consist of additive nonpolar (i.e., dispersive) and polar components. Thus, the work of adhesion and the pure-component surface tensions can be separated into their dispersive (superscript d) and the polar (superscript p) components, such that ... 

Lapworth and Robinson, "Remarks on some Recent Contributions to the Theory of Induced Alternate Polarities in a Chain of Atoms," Trans.Far.Soc. 19 (1923) 503505, on 504505. 

Alternative polar solvents offer potential solutions to paradoxes presented by replicator-first theories of the origin of life. That is particularly true for formamide. Formamide has been shown to be a suitable precursor of... 

We may also imagine a system with p-state energy that is different for alternate atoms in the zig-zag structure, in order to have a polar as well as a covalent energy. This becomes the simplest structure to have essentially the same character as the tetrahedrally bonded structure, and it will be very useful for illustrating the theory of covalent solids Problems 8-1 and 8-2 are based on this system. 

E. The perturbation becomes (c/2mc)2p A = — ehfmayy, V.The polarization density, or alternatively, the current density, can then be calculated by using perturbation theory (see, for example, Harrison, 1970, p. 317ff), and leads to an out-of-phase polarization corresponding to a Xi of... 

We shall now briefly illustrate the ideas which have been developed about the nature of the induced alternating polarity by a few examples. The first step towards a theory was made by Vor-lander, who called it the theory of electrical opposites. Vorlander assumes that in substituted benzenes the individual atoms carry charges whose sign is determined by the nature of the substituents, e.g. ... 

An alternative approach is to first master the VSEPR theory and the related topic of molecular polarity for different structures, and then learn how the VB theory describes the overlap of bonding orbitals in these structures. If your instructor takes this approach, you should study this chapter in the following order ... 

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