The Tools of Surface Reactivity

The experimental techniques most commonly used to characterize surfaces in studies of surface reactivity are as follows  

These techniques have been reviewed extensively 11-14), and the interested reader should consult the references for details. For convenience a brief outline of the features of each technique and the most important results for studies of surface reactivity will be presented. 

Some metal surfaces reconstruct either in the clean state or in the presence of adsorbed gases. Platinum, iridium, and gold (100) surfaces, which have square symmetry, all reconstruct to hexagonal close-packed (111) surfaces 

LEED PATTERN REAL SPACE LEED PATTERN 

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