The Single-Stage Reflectron

FIGURE 3.2 (a) Oscillographic trace and (b) stroboscopic (boxcar) recording of a portion of the mass spectrum of rhenium bromide showing the isotopic ciuster from the trimer. (Reprinted with permission from reference 8). 

The focusing action of the reflectron comes from the fact that the penetration depth varies with ion kinetic energy, while the drift lengths (L and L2) are constant. In particular, the flight time of an ion with excess kinetic energy U ) could be described as  

FIGURE 3.3 Schematic diagram of a reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Manitoba II). (Reprinted with permission from reference 9). 

One can easily sho daat d)ee decree in time spent in the linear regions 

Vnr small values of U we can expand tlie term (f T + to first order  

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FIGURE3.il Electrical potential diagrams of (a) a single-stage reflectron, (b) a dual-stage reflectron, (c) a quadratic reflectron, and (d) the gridless reflectron described by Wollnik and co-workers, " generated by SIMION. 

Mass Dispersion of Product Ions in a Single-Stage Reflectron. If metastable fragmentation occurs in the first field-free drift region (Zq) of a single-stage reflectron instrument ... 

FIGURE 9.9 High resolution mass spectra of (a) gramicidin S and (b) rhodamine 6-G, obtained by passing the ions through two single-stage reflectrons. 

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