The molecular number

in 1918 defined the molecular number of a compound in a similar way of the atomic number  

Ni = respective atomic numbers of each element of the molecule. 

Example Comparison of the ammonium and the sodium cations. The atomic number of nitrogen is 7 and that of hydrogen is 1. Thus the molecular number of the ammonium 

CHAPTER 15 Molecular Variations Based on Isosteric Replacements 

FIGURE 15.3 Scaffold hopping can be considered as the broadest example of bioisosterism structurally different molecules elicit the same biological activity. 

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For the superior performance design with consecutive, multiply furcated capillaries using conventional manifolds, flow distribution quality was determined. Polydispersity indices for eight capillaries ranged from 1.66 to 1.71, i.e., it showed a low spread, demonstrating that flow distribution was reasonably achieved. The molecular number average was... 

In a dilute solution of M identical molecules, the sum over all of the beads in the system may be restricted to a sum over aU beads of a single molecule, if the prefactor of l/V is replaced by the molecular number density M/V. 

It is worth noting that averaging in Eq. (4.18) is possible for the MWD only. Therefore, if the molecular number distribution qn(n) is known, it is necessary to derive the MWD by the usual... 

In the last equations A(n) is the Helmholtz free energy of the total NVT system fully defined by the vector n = nm, n 2,... providing the molecular number in each tiny volume and iq) is the chemical potential at a given iq position, i.e., within the corresponding tiny volume. Note that the molecular number can be used as a continuous variable, given the fact that for any thermodynamic property in a macroscopic system the variation due to a single molecule is virtually equivalent to a differential. From the definition of the chemical potential and probability density in the r) space p(t, ti), we readily have... 

A spherical embryo of radius r is bombarded by vapor molecules at a rate 4wrWc/4 where N(= P/k ) is the molecular number density of the vapor and C (= VSksTl n-m) is the mean molecular speed. As a result of using kinetic theory of gasses for the mean molecular speed we can write the condensation rate, CR, as... 

Finally, we note that the last combination is the change in the physical field potential energy upon incrementing the molecular number by one, so... 

Reactions in which the molecularity number (number of molecules) decreases when starting materials are converted to products cycloadditions, condensations. 

Note that for each species the molecular number and mass average velocities are equal, as all the molecules have the same mass. 

A. The molecular number A. Replacement of univalent FROM ISOSTERISM... 

Some Comments on Notation and Quantities of General Use In this, and succeeding chapters the molecular number concentration of a species is denoted with square brackets ([O2], [03], etc.) in units of molecules cm"5. The rate coefficient of a reaction will carry, as a subscript, either the number of the reaction, for example... 

The ECL quantum efficiency, Oed, is the ratio of the emitted photon number (Nhv) to the molecular number (N ) of reactant which generates excited states. Eor example, for the RUB ECL system, this would involve annihilations between RUB and RUB" (Eq. 14) and the photons emitted (Eq. 15). Values of Ogd can be expressed by the following formula ... 

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