The FDAM Method for Carboxyl Group Determination

An approach different from the classical methods described in the previous chapter is the mild esterification of carboxylic acids as described in 

The reaction conditions for FDAM labeling were optimized for cellulose to fit into the usual activation protocol prior to dissolution in DMAc/LiCl (9%). FDAM can be prepared in the GPC eluant DMAc from 9f/-fluorcn-2-yl-carboxaldehyde via its hydrazone by oxidation with excess manganese dioxide [78]. 

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