The Enhanced Dispersion Relation

5 DISPERSION ERROR AND STABILITY ANALYSIS 3.5.1 The Enhanced Dispersion Relation 

FIGURE 3.10 (a) Maximum L2 error norm versus spatial frequency kAh and (b) relative error of the normalized phase velocity versus time for different higher order nonstandard FDTD arrangements 

Overall, the higher order nonstandard technique creates a set of topologically robust forms which, by constructing a more consistent cell, diminish late-time instabilities, eliminate dispersion errors, and avoid conformal implementations. Their cooperation with the absorbing boundary condition is straightforward and as it will be shown in the next chapter, the resulting forms retain the original field variation and properties. 

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