The deposition rate on a cool substrate

The flux of atoms emerging from a Knudsen cell at 1000 K in which an element of vapour pressure 10-4 atmospheres and atomic weight 100 g is contained in a cell of orifice diameter 1 mm, is 

At a distance of 20 cm from the orifice a plate of 1 cm diameter receives 1.67 x 1015 particles/second. If all these particles are condensed, and each has a diameter of 0.2 nm, the time to form a monolayer of condensate is 1.5 seconds. 

The relationship of the vapour pressure of an element pi over a binary alloy, to the vapour pressure of the pure species p as determined by the thermodynamic activity, a, of the component in the alloy 

The rate of evaporation from the surface of an alloy into the surrounding vacuum, will usually be different for each component and at the temperature 

Ga = pA(MA/2nRT)ll2 gcvnC2 s 1 gives the expression for the flux JA = pA(V27tMART)l/2 

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