The Current Density on a Stepped Crystal Face

The first theoretical treatment of this mechanism was given by Lorenz, who adapted the theory of Burton, Cabrera, and Frank to the case of metal deposition. Later the problem was treated by Vermilyea, Fleischmann and Thirsk, Despic and Bockris, Damjanovic and Bockris, and by Schnit-tler, who brought the theory of surface diffusion to its present state. 

The surface diffusion process controls the reaction rate and the current density is proportional to the step density L.  

The direct transfer mechanism was suggested for the first time by Vol- 

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