The Concept of Smart Kd

In the literature there are many attempts to describe the interactions between ions in solution and a mineral surface in contact with them. The resulting interactions can be grouped into various phenomena, such as physisorption, chemisorption, co-precipitation, inclusion, diffusion, surface-precipitation, or even formation of solid solutions. 

Applications of simple variants of such an approach have already been proved successfully (Tessier et al., 1996). Further example cases will be given in the following paragraphs of this chapter. 

The main models used at present are sorted here according to the increasing number of required electrostatic model parameters  

An extension in principle applicable to every model is the concept of strong and weak binding sites according to Dzombak and Morel, 1990, and the 1-pK approach by Bolt and Van Riemsdijk, 1982. 

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