Thatch

Stroh, n. straw, -blume, /. everlasting, -dach, n. thatched ro(rf. 

Many of the building codes used initially in North America were imported from Europe by the early settlers. In 1630, the City of Boston building code stated No man shall build his chimney with wood nor cover his roof with thatch. In 1865, the City of New Orleans adopted an ordinance requiring the inspection of buildings for public use. In 1905 the National Board of Fire Undeiwriters published the first national building code in the United States, the Recommended National Building Code. 

This messy result apparently requires knowledge of five parameters k, (A )o> Poo, and po- However, conversion to dimensionless variables usually reduces the number of parameters. In this case, set Y = Na/(Na)o (the fraction unreacted) and r = t/thatch (fractional batch time). Then algebra gives... 

Integrate these out to time thatch and then use Equations (2.44) to evaluate Na,, ., Ne- The corresponding concentrations can be found by dividing by k Obatch),... 

The results of Example 5.2 apply to a reactor with a fixed reaction time, i or thatch- Equation (5.5) shows that the optimal temperature in a CSTR decreases as the mean residence time increases. This is also true for a PFR or a batch reactor. There is no interior optimum with respect to reaction time for a single, reversible reaction. When Ef < Ef, the best yield is obtained in a large reactor operating at low temperature. Obviously, the kinetic model ceases to apply when the reactants freeze. More realistically, capital and operating costs impose constraints on the design. 

If the enzyme charged to a batch reactor is pristine, some time will be required before equihbrium is reached. This time is usually short compared with the batch reaction time and can be ignored. Furthermore, 5o Eq is usually true so that the depletion of substrate to establish the equilibrium is negligible. This means that Michaelis-Menten kinetics can be applied throughout the reaction cycle, and that the kinetic behavior of a batch reactor will be similar to that of a packed-bed PFR, as illustrated in Example 12.4. Simply replace t with thatch to obtain the approximate result for a batch reactor. 

Branham, B.E. and D.J. Wehner. 1985. The fate of diazinon applied to thatched turf. Agron. Jour. 11 101-104. 

Potter, D. A. (1993). Pesticide and fertilizer effects on beneficial invertebrates and consequences for thatch degradation and pest outbreaks in turfgrass. ACS Symposium Series 522 331-343. 

Plant. Two weeks following application to thatch, 65% of the applied amount was present (Sears et al., 1987). 

Krause, A.A. and Niemczyk, H.D. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of chlorthal-dimethyl herbicide and its degradates in turfgrass thatch and soil using a solid-phase extraction technique, J. Environ. Sci Health, B25(5) 587-606, 1990. Kresheck, G.C., Schneider, H., and Scheraga, H.A. The effect of DzO on the thermal stability of proteins. Thermod3mamic parameters for the transfer of model compounds from HzO to DzO, J. Phys. Chem., 69(9) 3132-3144, 1965. 

Yes," he said, "I am an American." And, "Yes, hell yes, I am old, ninety-three years. Me hee-story, baby, is so long." He laughed dryly, like the rustle of roof thatch when tarantulas stir. 

And thy Lord inspired the bee, saying choose thou habitations in the hills and in the trees and in that which they thatch then eat of all fruits, and follow the ways of thy Lord, made smooth (for thee). There cometh forth from their bellies a drink of diverse hues, wherein is healing for mankind. 1... 

Imperata arundinaceae Cyrill. I. cylindrica Beauv. Bai Mao (Thatch grass) (root) Femenol, arundoin, arborinol, arborinone, glutinol, cylindrin, simiarenol.33 Diuretic, hemostatic, antibacterial. 

Many nations still rely on DDT as an economical method of controlling insects that carry human diseases. DDT can be most effective in this manner, but not without consequences. In Malaysia, for example, thatched roofs were once sprayed with DDT to kill malaria-carrying mosquitos. 

A family of herbs, shrubs, and lianas of the West Indies and South America, some of these plants furnish thatch and brooms the fiber of one species is used for making Panama hats. 

In many areas of the world, parts of the entire plant serve many different purposes food (coconut, sago), waxes, fruits, timber, thatch, etc. A number are familiar as cultivated ornamentals. 

The family is found in the Old World tropics and as far south as New Zealand. The leaves have a number of local uses (e.g., thatch, cloth) and some fruits arc edible. 

Confined to the southern hemisphere, the Rcstionaceac occur especially in Australia and South Africa. Some species are used locally as thatch. 

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