That Produce Vomiting Emetics

Dopamine D2 receptors are involved in some emetic responses but studies have also suggested that activation of D3 receptors in the area postrema may either produce vomiting or enhance that elicited by D2 receptor activation. 

The drugs that produce or evoke vomiting are known as emetics. The most common compounds used are apomorphine and ipecacuanha. 

I. Pharmacology. Apomorphine is an alkaloid salt derived from morphine that has minimal analgesic properties but marked emetic efficacy. Vomiting is produced by direct stimulation of the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. After subcutaneous administration, emesis occurs within an average of 5 minutes oral administration is not recommended because of erratic absorption. 

Psychotria species that are well known for their bioactive compounds include P. ipecacuanha, producing the isoquinoUne alkaloid emetine, with well-characterized emetic effect (inducer of vomiting) [92]. Isolated emetine is also effective in the treatment of amoebiasis [93]. The alkaloid, however, has severe side effects, like muscle weakening and cardiac damage. 

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