2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane

Through reduction or oxidation of the molecule by a dopant molecule. Atoms or molecules with high electron affinity, such as iodine, antimony pentafluoride (SbCls), or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), may oxidize a typical organic semiconductor such as poly(p-phenylene) derivatives, leaving them positively charged. Reduction, i.e., addition of an electron, may be obtained by doping with alkali metals. 

Matsushima T, Adachi C (2008) Enhancing hole transports and generating hole traps by doping organic hole-transport layers with p-type molecules of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. Thin Solid Films 517 874... 

To date, a variety of connecting units have been introduced for stacked OLEDs, which include Cs BCP/ITO [65], Cs BCP, LirBCP/VzOs [66,67], LirAlqg, Li l,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl) benzene (TPBIj/FeClgrNPB [68], MgrAlqg/WOg, V2O5, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8,-tetracyanoquinodimethane... 

TCNQ = 7,7, 8,8 -tetracyanoquinodimethane, fluoranil = 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro- -benzoquinone, TCNE = tetracyanoethylene, HCBD = hexacyano-butadiene, pmda = pyromellitic dianhydride, do-A = donor-acceptor interplanar distance. 

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