Terra satellites

Fig. 1 The MODIS-Terra satellite image of the Aral Sea on (a) 18 August 2008 and (b) 16 August 2009. Image courtesy of D.M. Soloviev, Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Sevastopol, Ukraine, based on the data provided by the LAADS Web, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (http // ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/). Solid line in figure part (a) shows the Aral Sea coastline in 1960...

In the next few years a number of important atmospheric remote sensing missions are planned by NASDA, NASA and ESA. NASDA has constructed a second ADEOS satellite which will have POLDER and ILAS-II (Improved Limb Atmospheric Sounder) on board. The NASA-TERRA platform was launched at the end of 1999 and has the MOPITT instrument (Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere), which aims to measure vertical profiles of carbon monoxide and methane in the troposphere. MOPITT is a Canadian instrument supported by an international science team. 

EOS The Earth-observing system including Terra, Aqua, Aura, AM-1, and other satellites. It is equipped with sensors to record data on clouds and ERB, altimeter, acoustic atmospheric lidar, laser wind gauge, and gives information about volcanic eruptions. 

Figure 3.3 Contributions for two levels photodissociated by two frequencies. Interference terras contribute at total energy =E. Satellite terms correspond to total energies = E and E".

Australia-wide forecasts are now done for wind-blown dust (e.g., Wain et al. 2006) and for bushfire smoke. Size-segregated dust is emitted and transported depending on historical land-use, soil-type and seasonal leaf area index (LAI). For bushfires, we use the Sentinel outputs of hotspots to locate emissions. Sentinel currently obtains MODIS data from the NASA EO Satellites Terra and Aqua (see http //sentinel2.ga.gov.au/acres/sentinel). 

Fig. 2 Satellite image of the Aral Sea from MODIS-Terra on 18 August 2008 adapted from http // earthobservatory.nasa.gOv/Features/WorldOfChange/aral sea.php...

An analysis of visible and infrared images from the Terra, Aqua, and NOAA satellites (Stanichny 2005, oral talk in Moscow [30]) has shown that upwelling manifests itself at the eastern coast of the western Large Sea both in the period of spring warming (April-May) (Fig. 11a) and in autumn (Figs. 11b and c). The band of cold upwelling waters of width several kilometers covers practically aU the coast. In this case, cyclonic vortices and features reminiscent of transversal filaments of... 

Fig. 17.35 Lake Vostok in East Antarctica is the largest of about 160 subglacial lakes that have been discovered by radar echo surveys. The lake is about 300 km long and about 50 km wide. It is covered by 3,700 m of ice and occupies a tectonic rift that is bounded by deep faults. Lake Vostok was named after the Russian research station that is located close to the southern end of the subglacial lake. Lake Sovetskaya and 90°E Lake, which are located close to the 90°E Meridian may also occupy rift basins (Adapted from MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica acquired by NASA s satellites Terra and Aqua between November 20, 2003 and February 29,2004)...

Fig. 112.2 Afghan villagers view satellite image. (Source Terra Institute)...

Fig. 4.20 The darkest satellite of Uranus, Umbiiel (Voyager 2, Jan. 24, 1986). The albedo is 0.16 which is comparable to the lunar highlands (Terrae). Near the satellite s equator a ring is seen (diameter 140 km). This might be a frost deposit. Credit NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute...

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