Terminal zeros

Express data in scientific notation to avoid confusion in determining whether terminal zeros are significant. 

Column Terminator (zero dead-volume unioni... 

In the first situation (Case 1), where the particles are small or the monomer is substantially water-soluble, and desorption of radicals from the particle is likely, n is very low, and polymerisation is slow. In the second situation. Case 11, radical exit is negligible. When a radical enters a particle, polymerisation occurs until a second radical enters, and both are instantaneously terminated (zero-one kinetics). Under these conditions, n is equal to V2. In the third situation. Case III, the particles are large enough that two or more radicals may coexist within the same particle without... 

All digits are significant except zeros at the beginning of the number and possibly terminal zeros (one or more zeros at the end of a number). Thus, 9.12 cm, 0.912 cm, and 0.00912 cm all contain three significant figures. 

Terminal zeros ending at the right of the decimal point are significant. Each of the following has three significant fignres 9.00 cm, 9.10 cm, 90.0 cm. 

The case of terminal zeros that precede the decimal point in quantities greater than one is ambiguous. 

In the extreme case where rjrj =0 because both rj and i2 equal zero, the copolymer adds monomers with perfect alternation. This is apparent from the definition of r, which compares the addition of the same monomer to the other monomer for a particular radical. If both r s are zero, there is no tendency for a radical to add a monomer of the same kind as the growing end, whichever species is the terminal unit. When only one of the r s is zero, say rj, then alternation occurs whenever the radical ends with an Mj unit. There is thus a tendency toward alternation in this case, although it is less pronounced than in the case where both r s are zero. Accordingly, we find increasing tendency toward alternation as rj 0 and rj 0, or, more succinctly, as the product X1X2 0. 

This inherent feature of ECM, whereby an equiHbriumgap width is obtained, is used widely in ECM for reproducing the shape of the cathode tool on the workpiece. (J) Under short-circuit conditions the gap width goes to zero. If process conditions such as too high a feed rate arise the equiHbrium gap may be so small that contact between the two electrodes ensues. This condition causes a short circuit between the electrodes and hence premature termination of machining. 

The nondepreciable investments, ie, land and working capital, are often assumed to be constant preoperational costs that are fully recoverable at cost when the project terminates. Equipment salvage is another end-of-life item that can represent a significant fraction of the original fixed capital investment. However, salvage occurs at the end of life, can be difficult to forecast, and is partially offset by dismantling costs. Eor these reasons, a zero salvage assumption is a reasonable approximation ia preliminary analysis. 

If the process-steam demand is high and steac, then the exhaust size can be reduced, because not much condensing capacity is required. The choice would be to save cost by a smaller exhaust which would terminate the zero-extraction hne at C, while the total-extraction line would extend to B for rated capability. 

If the process demand is light and high-extraction flow is not required, then most of the power wiU be from the condensing flow. The choice would be to save cost by a smaller inlet and steam chest, which would terminate the total-extraction hne at D and the zero-extraction line at A,... 

The HV test should be performed first by applying r.m.s. value (2 -i- I) kV for one minute, as shown in Table 11.4 between coil terminals and ground. Then the applied voltage should be increased at I kV/s up to 2(2 F,- + I) kV, and then reduced instantly at least at I kV/s to zero. If there is no failure, the test will be considered as successful, fulfilling the requirement of column 4, of Table 11.6. This procedure would give a test voltage equivalent to 2 l2 (2V, + I) kV, which is even more than the values of column 4, i.e. > (4V + 5) kV. 

Z( = zero phase sequence or residual impedance. This is measured between the three-phase terminals of a star winding shorted together and the neutral (Figure 20.9(b)) and is calculated by... 

The design method requires the ciosed-ioop poies to be piotted in the. v-piane as K is varied from zero to infinity, and then a vaiue of K seiected to provide the necessary transient response as required by the performance specification. The ioci aiways commence at open-ioop poies (denoted by x) and terminate at open-ioop zeros (denoted by o) when they exist. 

When K is varied from zero to infinity the iocus commences at the open-ioop poie. V = 0 and terminates at minus infinity on the reai axis as shown in Figure 5.7. 

Termination points K = oo) The root loei terminate at the open-loop zeros when they exist, otherwise at infinity. 

The discrete distance option of SCREEN allows the user to input specific distances. Any number of distances (s 1 meter) can be input by the user and the maximum concentration for each distance will be calculated. The user will always be given this option whether or not the automated distance array option is used. The option is terminated by entering a distance of zero. SCREEN will accept distances out to 100 km for long-range transport estimates with the discrete distance option. However, for distances greater than 50 km, SCREEN sets the minimum 10 meter wind speed at 2 m/s to avoid unrealistic transport times. 

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