Terbium energy levels

Figure 2.2 (a,b) Projection of terbium phthalocyaninato derivative showing the twist angle in the Tb(lll) ion square-antiprismatic coordination site and energy level scheme for the ground J = 6 multiples... 

Figure 2.3 (a-d) Energy level scheme derived from Ishikawa s model for the ground J = 6 multiplet for terbium and J = 15/2 for erbium in LnPc2 and LnW10 complexes. 

Figure 7 Energy level diagram of lowest energy excited states of europium and terbium ions. Only the emissive excited states within the 5Dj manifold are shown.

Trivalent terbium with f8 configuration has energy levels similar to Eu3+ but in reverse order. The ground state is 7F6. The highest level and the lowest excited level (7F5) are separated from the ground state by 16000 cm and 2080 cm-1, respectively, and the... 

Takalo H, Mukkala V-M, Merio L (1997) Development of luminescent terbium(III) chelates for protein labelling effect of triplet-state energy level. Helv Chim Acta 80 372-387... 

McCaw CS, Murdoch KM, Denning RG (2003) Energy levels of terbium(III) in the elpasolite Cs2NaTbBrg. I. Luminescence and two-photon spectroscopy. Mol Phys 101 427 38... 

Compared to europium, the excited energy level on terbium ion is at a higher energy level (above 20,000 cm ) and constitutes of the single excited state, which is... 

Sm(lll) has a similar resonance energy level as Eu(lll). The physical and chemical properties of the two ions are also similar [11]. So samarium complexes emit fluorescence in the same sequence as that of europium complexes with different p-diketone ligands. Tb(IIl) has a higher resonance energy level. The fluorescence of Tb(Ill) complexes decrease in a different way to that of Eu(lll) and Sm(lll) complexes. Tb(acac)3Phen emits the most intense fluorescence in the terbium complexes. The reason is that the triplet state of acac is 25300 cm, much higher... 

The energy levels in europium are particularly favorable for analysis of the emission spectrum since the transitions occur between levels which have small (generally <3) values of J and by far the majority of the complexes that have been studied have contained europium(III) as the central ion. The energy levels of europium(III) and terbium(III) are given in table 25.9 from which it can be seen that the lowest transitions for europium, Do- F/. (/ = 0,1,2) would be much easier to analyze than the lowest transitions for terbium, D4- F/ (/= 6,5,4, 3,2). 

Low-lying energy levels for europiuin(III) (Carnall et al., 1968b) and terbium(III) (Carnall et al., 1968a) in aqueous solution. 

Van Uitert and Iida (55) suggested the applicability of the phonon-assisted-transfer mechanism to rare earth-rare earth energy exchange. They were able to correlate the emission intensity of the 5D0 level of trivalent europium or the5 D4 level of trivalent terbium with the closest, but definitely lower-lying, level observed for a second rare-earth ion. 

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