Teratogenicity empirical data

PBPK calculated internal dose after topical application of 0.5% all-fraw5-retinoic acid to the face, arms and chest found the circulating concentrations of retinoic acids remained four orders of magnitude less than those required for increased teratogenic risk [29]. The low absorbed and delivered dose concentrations calculated using the PBPK model are consistent with the empirical data in hamster [30] and rabbit [31] after topical compared to oral administration of this material [28, 32]. 

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