Curve tensile stress-strain

Fig. 4. Tensile stress—strain curves for polysulfone showing yield behavior at A, 20°C B, 99°C and C, 149°C. To convert MPa to psi, multiply by 145.

Fig. 3. Tensile stress—strain curve for (-) reinforced ceramic and ( " ) fiber-reinforced ceramic composite. A represents the point where the matrix...

Figure 10.6. Effect of temperature on the tensile stress-strain curve for polyethylene. (Low-density polymer -0.92g/cm . MFI = 2.) Rate of extension 190% per minute ...

When a plastic material is subjected to an external force, a part of the work done is elastically stored and the rest is irreversibly (or viscously) dissipated hence a viscoelastic material exists. The relative magnitudes of such elastic and viscous responses depend, among other things, on how fast the body is being deformed. It can be seen via tensile stress-strain curves that the faster the material is deformed, the greater will be the stress developed since less of the work done can be dissipated in the shorter time. 

Fig. 2-7 (a) Generalized tensile stress-strain curve for plastics and (b) example of a commodity plastic s stress-strain diagram. 

Fig. 2-9 Examples of areas under the tensile stress-strain curves.

Ductility A typical tensile stress-strain curve of many ductile plastics is shown in Fig. 2-13. As strain increases, stress initially increases approximately proportionately (from point 0 to point A). For this reason, point A is called the proportional limit of the material. From point 0 to point B, the behavior of the material is purely elastic but beyond point B, the material exhibits an... 

Fig. 2-13 Tensile stress-strain curve typical of many ductile plastics.

Brittleness Brittle materials exhibit tensile stress-strain behavior different from that illustrated in Fig. 2-13. Specimens of such materials fracture without appreciable material yielding. Thus, the tensile stress-strain curves of brittle materials often show relatively little deviation from the initial linearity, relatively low strain at failure, and no point of zero slope. Different materials may exhibit significantly different tensile stress-strain behavior when exposed to different factors such as the same temperature and strain rate or at different temperatures. Tensile stress-strain data obtained per ASTM for several plastics at room temperature are shown in Table 2-3. 

Fig. 2-53 Example of the influence of tensile stress-strain curves subjected to an environment that influences the ductility of a specific plastic.

Fig. 4-2(1) Example of a tensile stress-strain curve for mild steel pipe material.

Fig. 7-7 Tensile stress-strain curves of three different moisture contents at 23°C (73°F) and different areas under the curves.

Fig. 2 The typical tensile-stress/strain curves of the [0/90] plain weave C/SiC composites up to high temperatures... 

For gum rubbers and lightly filled compounds, the Mooney-Rivlin equation often models the tensile stress-strain curve well up to extensions of 150% or more. However, for more highly filled compounds (and almost always for commercially important compounds) this simple function only works well up to about 50% strain. A much better fit over an extended strain range can be obtained by taking the next logical term in the infinite series of the general expression. Using ... 

Kucherskii88 has proposed a new measure to be taken from the tensile stress strain curve which he terms the knee-point strain. This is the point on the curve where the differential modulus stops decreasing and starts to increase, i.e. where the curve starts to go steeply upwards. It is difficult to find this point on the stress stain curve but it can be pinpointed by looking at where the first derivative of stress with respect to strain passes through a minimum. He relates the knee-point strain to structure and was able to normalize curves for both filled and gum rubbers. 

Fig.69 Tensile stress-strain curves for BPA-PC at various pressures (From [54])...

Figure 6.1. Stress-strain curve for aorta. Tensile stress-strain curve for human thoracic aorta in the circumferential direction obtained at a strain rate of 50% per minute. At strains less than 0.2, the elastic fibers dominate the behavior, whereas above 0.2, alignment of collagen fibers occurs. (Adapted from Silver, 1987.)...

Tensile stress-strain curves were generated using an electro-mechanical universal testing machine with specially designed flat-ended fixtures that were machined in order the grip the specimens carefully. All the samples were tested for failure under displacement control with a prescribed displacement rate of 1.5 mm min-1. Fractography of the tested samples was carried out using a SIRION field emission SEM. 

Figure 5. Tensile stress-strain curves of PVA and NW composites, showing an increase in the ultimate tensile strength and reduction in ductility with increasing NW volume fraction.

FIG. 13.60 Generalised tensile stress-strain curves for brittle and ductile plastics efib, y and W = strain at brittle fracture, at yield and at ductile fracture, respectively b, and fffd = ultimate strength at brittle fracture and ductile fracture, respectively yield strength ( ) fracture points ( ) yield point. 

FIG. 13.61 Tensile stress-strain curves for several types of polymeric materials (Winding and Hiatt, 1961). 

Fig. 1.5 Tensile stress-strain curves measured for a variety of 2-D CMCs.

Fig. 2.7 The tensile stress-strain curves versus temperatures for (a) unidirectional SCS-6 fiber-reinforced hot-pressed Si3N4, (b) unidirectional SCS-6 fiber-reinforced reaction-bonded Si3N4, (c) 2-D Nicalon fabric-reinforced CVI-SiC, and (d) 3-D braided Nicalon fabric-reinforced CVI-SiC.49-52...

Fig. 8.8 Tensile stress-strain curves for three specimens of [0,(0,90)2]SiCVLAS-IH glass-ceramic composite tested at 1000°C in air and in argon.25...

---