Temporal parallelization

The experimental investigations of boiling instability in parallel micro-channels have been carried out by simultaneous measurements of temporal variations of pressure drop, fluid and heater temperatures. The channel-to-channel interactions may affect pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet manifold as well as associated temperature of the fluid in the outlet manifold and heater temperature. Figure 6.37 illustrates this phenomenon for pressure drop in the heat sink that contains 13 micro-channels of d = 220 pm at mass flux G = 93.3kg/m s and heat flux q = 200kW/m. The temporal behavior of the pressure drop in the whole boiling system is shown in Fig. 6.37a. The considerable oscillations were caused by the flow pattern alternation, that is, by the liquid/two-phase alternating flow in the micro-channels. The pressure drop FFT is presented in Fig. 6.37b. Under... 

Figure 1. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiment (schematic). The liquid sample is excited by a laser pulse, and its temporal evolution is monitored by a time-delayed X-ray pulse. The diffracted radiation is measured by a charge-coupled detector (CCD). In practice, the laser and X-ray beams are not perpendicular to each other, but nearly parallel.

Among a number of peptides studied it is only the reduction of somatostatin in the temporal, parietal and frontal cortices that correlates with the severity of dementia in AzD, although corticotrophin-releasing factor is lower. Reductions in somatostatin do not generally parallel those of ChAT, its concentration being almost normal in the hippocampus and nucleus basalis, where ChAT levels are lowest and there is no evidence that it is localised in cholinergic neurons. 

Fig. 4.9. Schematic of time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy sample is excited with linearly polarized light and time-resolved fluorescence images are acquired with polarization analyzed parallel and perpendicular to excitation polarization. Assuming a spherical fluorophore, the temporal decay of the fluorescence anisotropy, r(t), can be fitted to an exponential decay model from which the rotational correlation time, 6, can be calculated.

Hartmann et al. (2006) reported very detailed simulation results (see also Hartmann, 2005) (Fig. 9). Their LB simulation was restricted to a lab-scale vessel 10 L in size only for which 2403 lattice cells a bit smaller than 1 mm2 were used the temporal resolution was 25 ps only. A set of 7 million mono-disperse spherical particles 0.3 mm in size was released in the upper 10% part of the vessel. At the moment of release, the local volume fraction amounted to 10%. The particle properties were those of calcium chloride. The simulation was carried out on 30 parallel processors of an SGI Altrix 3700 system and required for 6 weeks for 100 impeller revolutions. 

Figure 21.8 The dynamics of the polarization anisotropy for the Au(0) i emission. The temporal profiles of the emission in the parallel plane (dashed line) and the plane perpendicular (dotted line) to the polarization of the excitation pulse are also shown.

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