Targeted switching

Targeted Switching and Read-out Mode STED, GSD, SPEM/SSIM, RESOLFT... 

The possibility of this targeted switch between a- and P-arylation found a noteworthy synthetic application (Scheme 7.18) [50], when Hallberg et al. reported the first example of a practical two-step, chelation-controlled triarylation of 89, which provides P,P-diarylated acetophenone derivatives 93 after hydrolysis (89 93). In the first step, a highly regLocontroUed a-arylation was secured by dppp (89 90) in the second step, PhsP allowed for selective twofold P-arylation (90 92) such a... 

In a study with nearly 1500 patients at high cardiovascular disease risk who did not achieve LDL-C treatment targets, switching from rosuvastatin 10 mg to ezetimibe plus atorvastatin 20 mg produced reductions in LDL-C and attainment of LDL-C <100 or <70mg/dL than uptitration of rosuvastatin to 20mg. Moreover, the addition of ezetimibe to atorvastatin 20 mg also produced reductions in total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and all measured lipid and lipoprotein ratios than either atorvastatin 40 mg or rosuvastatin 20 mg [6]. 

Although the varied uses for which DIR couplers are employed call for precise control over where the inhibitor diffuses, the very complexation mechanism by which inhibitors work would seem to preclude such control. The desired ability to target the inhibitor can be attained by the use of delayed release DIR couplers, which release not the inhibitor itself, but a diffusable inhibitor precursor or "switch" (Fig. 16) (98). Substituents (X, R) and stmctural design of the precursor permit control over both diffusivity and the rate of inhibitor release. Increasing the effective diffusivity of the inhibitor, however, means that more of it can diffuse into the developer solution where it can affect film in an undesirable, nonimagewise fashion. This can be minimized by the use of self-destmcting inhibitors that are slowly destroyed by developer components and do not build up or "season" the process (99). 

At the start of the correction cycle the relay calculates the required kVAr, examines the available capacitor values stored in its memory, takes a decision to switch ON or OFF the appropriate capacitors and switches them in rapid succession to reach the target p.f. in the least possible time. Now it uses the CTs provided in the main incoming circuit (Figure 23.39). 

Aktories K, Barbieri JT (2005) Bacterial cytotoxins targeting eukaryotic switches. Nat Rev Microbiol 3 ... 

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