Tank cars with pump

Handling Temperatures. Optimum temperature for pumping is in 37—48°C range. Piping should be stainless steel, aluminum, or galvanized iron. Valves and pumps should be bronze, cast-iron with bronze trim, or stainless steel. A pump of 3.15-L/s (50-gal/min) capacity unloads a tank car of warm glycerol in ca 4 h. 

In another case, Trevor Kletz discusses a chemical plant that received both caustic soda and acid in tank cars. One day a tank truck of caustic soda arrived with the proper delivery papers, correctly labeled, and with the special hose connections. The operators had the mind-set that they were receiving acid and spent considerable time developing an adaptor to enable them to pump the caustic soda into an acid tank. [10]... 

Ignition Caused by Compression of Liquids. Liquids can be ignited by sudden compression. This can happen when there is water hammer caused by the pressure surge from quick-acting valves and from the compression in liquid pumps. Sudden compression can occur with liquids, for example if a tank car is bumped rapidly and the liquid goes to one end very quickly, possibly trapping some vapor bubbles that compress and create local hot spots that can cause ignition. 

In recent years, pipeline pumping has been used for moving large-vdlurae raw materials, such as petroleum, for thousands of miles across country at a cost lower than for tank cars and competitive with water transportation. 

Furuhama, S., Kobayashi, Y. (1982) Hydrogen Cars with LHz-Tank, LHz-Pump and Cold GHz-Injection Two-Stroke Engine, SAE Paper 820349. 

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