Synthetic fuels technology

Synthetic Fuel. Solvent extraction has many appHcations in synthetic fuel technology such as the extraction of the Athabasca tar sands (qv) and Irish peat using / -pentane [109-66-0] (238) and a process for treating coal (qv) using a solvent under hydrogen (qv) (239). In the latter case, coal reacts with a minimum amount of hydrogen so that the solvent extracts valuable feedstock components before the soHd residue is burned. Solvent extraction is used in coal Hquefaction processes (240) and synthetic fuel refining (see Coal conversion processes Fuels, synthetic). 

Metha.nol-to-Ga.soline, The most significant development in synthetic fuels technology since the discovery of the Fischer-Tropsch process is the Mobil methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) process (47—49). Methanol is efftcientiy transformed into C2—C q hydrocarbons in a reaction catalyzed by the synthetic zeoHte ZSM-5 (50—52). The MTG reaction path is presented in Figure 5 (47). The reaction sequence can be summarized as... 

Crow, M. (1988). Synthetic Fuel Technology Development in the United States. New York Praeger Publishing. 

Biles RW, McKee RH. 1983. Toxicological testing for hazard identification in synthetic fuel technology. Dev Toxicol Environ Sci 11 13-21. 

Brand, R.G. and Bress, D.F., in Handbook of Synthetic Fuels Technology, Meyers, R.A., Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984, 3-8. 

Ho C-H, Clark BR, Guerin MR, et al. 1981. Analytical and biological analyses of test materials from the synthetic fuel technologies IV. Studies of chemical structure-mutagenic activity relationships of aromatic nitrogen compounds relevant to synfuels. Mutat Res 85 335-345. 

In studies with crude oils and effluents from synthetic fuel technology, we have used additional microbial assays to validate the results from Salmonella. Table 9 summarizes the comparative mutagenesis of selected test fractions in a variety of mutagenicity assays. 

J. L. Epler, J. A. Young, A. A. Hardigree, T. K. Tao, M. R. Guerin, I. B. Rubin, C.-h. Ho, and B. R. Clark, Analytical and biological assessment of test materials from the synthetic fuel technologies. I. Mutagenicity of crude oils determined by the Salmonella typhimurium microsomal activation system, Mutat. Res. 57, 265-276 (1978). 

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