Synchrotron oscillations

Mandelkow, E., Lange, G., Mandelkow, E.-M. Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to the Study of Biopolymers in Solution Time-Resolved X-Ray Scattering of Microtubule Self-Assembly and Oscillations. 151, 9-29 (1989). 

Rossmann, M. and Erickson, J. (1983). Oscillation photography of radiation-sensitive crystals using a synchrotron source. J. Appl. Cryst. 16, 629-636. 

Fig. 4. 0.3° oscillation photograph from a crystal of cow pea mosaic virus taken with synchrotron radiation... 

In third-generation synchrotrons, the x-rays are generated in intense flashes of 100 picoseconds (ps) duration. If, dnring this time, an entire diffraction pattern is recorded, the time resolution equals 100 ps (Szebenyi et al. 1992 Srajer et al. 1996, Schotte et al. 2003). However, the traditional monochromatic oscillation diffraction method cannot be used since there is no way to rotate the crystal during this 100 ps timeframe to collect the integrated intensity of a Bragg reflection. Still exposures, therefore, have to be used. 

Figure 2 Dipole oscillator strength distribution in gaseous water [29, curve. A], in liquid water [31, curve, B] and in gaseous cyclohexane [32, curve, C]. Data in liquid water are obtained from an analysis of UV-reflectance and that in cyclohexane, from synchrotron-UV absorption. The Thomas-Kuhn sum rule is satisfied approximately in each case.

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